USING NON-LETHAL WEAPONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: A MORAL CHOICE?

USING NON-LETHAL WEAPONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: A MORAL CHOICE? If non-lethal weapons are already available for law enforcement, what justifies the continued use of lethal force? This question is at the heart of an ongoing debate about policing methods, public safety, and human rights. Given the advancements in non-lethal technology, it is worth exploring why law enforcement agencies still resort to deadly force in certain situations. The primary reasons for using lethal weapons in police operations are to neutralize threats and protect the lives of officers and civilians. However, both objectives can often be achieved through non-lethal means. Various non-lethal weapons, such as Tasers, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and bean bag rounds, can effectively subdue suspects without causing fatal injuries. So, if laws, regulations, and protocols exist for using non-lethal weapons in law enforcement, why are they not used more extensively? One key advantage of non-lethal weapons is that they allow law enforcement agencies to keep suspects alive, enabling further investigations and intelligence gathering. This could be critical in solving crimes more effectively. Additionally, the use of non-lethal weapons could prevent police officers from being accused of wrongful killings, whether through excessive force or extrajudicial executions. The reduction in allegations of police brutality and human rights violations would enhance public trust in law enforcement institutions. Furthermore, minimizing lethal encounters could also reduce discrimination against marginalized communities, who are often disproportionately affected by police violence. Beyond these legal and social considerations, the moral aspect of the debate is compelling. Using non-lethal weapons where possible allows for the preservation of life and the opportunity for rehabilitation. It gives suspects a chance to reform and reintegrate into society. It also means fewer widows and orphans left behind due to fatal law enforcement encounters. Other countries have successfully integrated non-lethal weapons into their policing strategies. Many U.S. states, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have developed robust policies prioritizing less-lethal methods before resorting to firearms. So why not give it a chance in the Philippines? A review of existing laws and regulations could help determine how to improve law enforcement policies considering new technological advancements. Republic Act No. 10591 (Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition Regulation Act) and Republic Act No. 9745 (Anti-Torture Act of 2009) already provide legal frameworks that can support the shift toward non-lethal weapons. Moreover, the Philippine National Police (PNP) has operational procedures that outline a use-of-force continuum, emphasizing progressive levels of force application. The question then arises: Why has the implementation of non-lethal weapons remained limited despite existing policies? Are law officers hesitant to use them? Is it a matter of procurement challenges or budget constraints? Best practices worldwide suggest that for non-lethal weapons to be effective, law enforcement agencies must ensure proportionate responses to threats, proper officer training, and strict accountability measures. Internationally, Tasers, pepper spray, and rubber bullets have been widely adopted, and their use is supported by comprehensive policies that emphasize de-escalation and crisis management. The Philippines should take cues from these global best practices. The government must invest in acquiring non-lethal weapons and prioritize proper training for law enforcers. Public discussions, legislative reviews, and pilot programs can all contribute to a more humane and effective approach to policing. Ultimately, embracing non-lethal weapons is not just a legal or tactical decision—it is a moral one. If there is a way to enforce the law while preserving human life, shouldn't that be the preferred choice? Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-28-2025