HOW SHOULD WE MEASURE THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE?

HOW SHOULD WE MEASURE THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE? Unemployment is one of the most closely watched indicators of a nation’s economic health. In the Philippines, how exactly do we measure unemployment — and are we doing it the right way? Every country has its own method for measuring unemployment, and here in the Philippines, we follow global practices to a certain extent. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) conducts the Labor Force Survey (LFS), like what other countries do. However, unlike a full census where every household is counted, the LFS relies on a sample of the population. This raises the question: Are we getting an accurate picture of unemployment when we depend on surveys rather than a complete census? In most cases, an unemployed person is described as someone who is (1) jobless, (2) actively looking for work, and (3) available to start working immediately. This definition is quite standard worldwide. Following this logic, those who are not actively looking for work and those who are not ready to work should not be counted as unemployed. But why are some people not looking for work? There could be many reasons. Some might be living off their inheritance or the interest from their bank deposits. Others might be running their own businesses. Meanwhile, some are simply discouraged after failing to find suitable jobs. There are also individuals who are not ready to work, perhaps because they are dealing with personal problems or are prioritizing other matters. Some might lack the skills or certifications needed for the jobs available to them. Given the size of our population, I do not blame the national government for relying on sample surveys rather than trying to count every unemployed person through a nationwide census. However, at the local level, it is both feasible and practical for LGUs to conduct their own employment censuses — especially through their Public Employment Services Office (PESO). Think about it: in every city, municipality, and barangay, the jobless individuals who are actively seeking work and ready to work would likely be willing to register with their local PESO offices if they knew it would help them find jobs. Many, in fact, may have already done so. This type of local census could give LGUs a clearer and more realistic picture of unemployment within their jurisdiction. It may be controversial to say, but I agree with the government’s approach of excluding those who are not looking for work and not ready to work from the unemployment count. After all, some of these individuals may be involved in informal activities — or even illegal ones — which makes their economic status difficult to classify. Lack of training and certification is also a factor that keeps some individuals not ready for work. Fortunately, PESO offices could step in to offer training programs and help job seekers become qualified for available jobs. To further help job seekers, I have personally developed a website where jobless individuals can register for free. Employers, both local and international, will pay a modest annual fee to post job openings on the site. This is not illegal recruitment — the website functions purely as a social media platform for job opportunities. We do not recruit anyone directly; we simply post information. In addition, my platform offers optional assistance for job seekers who want to undergo training and certification programs. Ultimately, the unemployment data at the LGU level should not be static — it should be updated monthly. This dynamic approach would better reflect how well local officials are implementing job creation programs. Accurate unemployment data is not just about numbers — it’s a gauge of good local governance and economic vitality. There is no single perfect way to measure unemployment. Some countries use the LFS method, others rely on unemployment insurance claims, while some track underemployment and discouraged workers. In the Philippines, combining the LFS method with local PESO registration data could provide a more comprehensive and accurate picture of unemployment. At the end of the day, we need to measure unemployment not just to produce statistics, but to truly understand the realities faced by Filipino workers. Whether at the national or local level, getting the numbers right is the first step toward crafting effective policies and programs that can create more jobs, better livelihoods, and ultimately, a more inclusive economy. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 04-01-2025

SOME IDEAS ABOUT POVERTY REDUCTION

SOME IDEAS ABOUT POVERTY REDUCTION For years, the government has relied on the Poverty Threshold Basket (PTB) method to measure poverty in the Philippines. This so-called "imaginary basket of goods" is a list of basic food and non-food items that a typical Filipino family would need to survive. However, it’s becoming increasingly clear that many items in this basket are outdated and no longer reflect the reality of how Filipinos live today. Take landline telephone costs, for example. How many households still use landlines? Most Filipinos rely on mobile phones, yet cellphone load and internet access are not part of the imaginary basket. Instead, the basket still includes postage costs — a relic from a time when letters were the primary form of communication. These days, people communicate through email, Viber, Facebook Messenger, and other online platforms. If the government wants to truly understand poverty, it should revise the basket to reflect modern necessities, including mobile data. Internet access is no longer a luxury; it's a lifeline. It connects people to job opportunities, educational resources, health information, and government services. It’s time to add cellphone load and internet costs to the PTB. Another outdated assumption is that tap water is always safe to drink. The basket includes water costs, but does it account for the reality that many families are forced to buy expensive bottled water because they don’t trust the safety of what comes out of their taps? Likewise, while fuel and electricity are part of the basket, are the government’s calculations keeping pace with the relentless rise in energy prices? How often is the basket adjusted to reflect these price changes? Beyond the basket, I believe it’s time to rethink how we measure poverty altogether. Many countries have already shifted to using the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Why not try it here? I’m not suggesting we abandon the PTB method entirely — but rather that we use both methods side by side. The MPI approach goes beyond income and spending. It focuses on access — whether families have access to education, health services, clean water, decent housing, and stable employment opportunities. A family that gets free school supplies, free health check-ups, or discounted electricity through local government programs could be lifted out of poverty, even if their income remains low. This approach recognizes that poverty isn’t just about money — it’s about deprivation. That’s why I keep repeating: Poverty reduction is not the same as poverty alleviation. The two are often confused, but they are fundamentally different. Poverty alleviation means making poverty more bearable — by handing out financial aid (Ayuda), providing food packs, or subsidizing services. These measures are important, but they don’t lift people out of poverty. Poverty reduction, on the other hand, means lifting people above the poverty line permanently by creating real opportunities for better income, stable jobs, and access to essential services. Providing services and distributing cash assistance can ease suffering, but they don’t lower the poverty rate. They only make it slightly less painful. In fact, it’s possible for a local government unit (LGU) to achieve zero poverty within its area. Curious how? Ask me how! It starts with understanding the difference between alleviation and reduction — and then building sustainable solutions that empower people to escape poverty, not just survive it. If we’re serious about poverty reduction, it’s time for the government to update costs of the goods inside the imaginary basket, adopt the MPI as a parallel method, and most importantly, focus on real, long-term solutions that help families rise above the poverty line once and for all. The road to zero poverty starts with a clear vision, modern tools, and the political will to move beyond short-term aid. Are we ready to take that first step? Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-31-2025

COMPRESSED NATURAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY

COMPRESSED NATURAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY For years, I have been searching for innovative technologies that could transform the waste from our mangrove forests—twigs, leaves, branches—into useful, sustainable products. The goal was simple: to create new livelihood opportunities for coastal communities while making mangrove conservation more economically viable. At last, I believe I have found the answer: Compressed Natural Fiber Technology. This eco-friendly process transforms plant waste into durable fiber boards for building materials. It’s the perfect blend of sustainability and innovation, turning what was once discarded as waste materials. Which Government Agency Holds the Key? In the Philippines, the Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI) leads the charge in this field. Located at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) campus in Laguna, FPRDI operates under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). The institute’s mission includes developing sustainable forest management practices, advancing wood and bamboo processing, and supporting the local industry in maximizing the potential of forest resources. FPRDI’s specific work on compressed natural fiber focuses on the compression of twigs, leaves, and branches to form fiber boards—an exciting technology that holds immense potential for green construction and climate-resilient infrastructure. Who Can Help? Aside from FPRDI, another key player is the Department of Forest Products and Paper Science (DFPPS), part of the College of Forestry and Natural Resources (CFNR) at UP Los Banos (UPLB). Together, these units are pioneering research into compressed fiber materials and sustainable building technologies. Additionally, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), through its Design Center of the Philippines (DCP), has played an important role in supporting product development in this space. This kind of inter-agency cooperation is exactly what the Philippines needs to nurture eco-innovations and promote green industries. A Breakthrough from the Private Sector While government research plays a critical role, the private sector is also stepping up. A shining example is Nature's Legacy Eximport Inc., a company that has developed an award-winning material called Naturescast. This innovative product is made from recovered agro-forest debris—twigs, barks, leaves—and bound together using a proprietary water-based binder. Naturescast has not only transformed waste into functional materials but has also put the Philippines on the global sustainability map. It won the Gold Invention Award in Geneva, Switzerland and was recently named a finalist for the Green Product Award in the New Materials category. It’s a proud moment for Filipino innovation—and an inspiration for other companies to follow. Why Mangrove Waste Matters My personal quest to find solutions for mangrove forest waste stems from a deep belief: If we can create useful products from mangrove twigs, leaves, and branches, we create new livelihoods and add economic value to conserving these vital ecosystems. Mangrove forests, after all, are among our most effective defenses against rising sea levels, a climate crisis that’s already threatening our coastal communities. UPLB forestry professor Dixon Gevaña has warned that without strong mangrove conservation efforts, parts of the country’s west coast could be submerged in knee-deep water by 2060. This makes the planting, protecting, and sustainably managing mangroves even more critical—not just for the environment, but also for the communities that rely on them. The Way Forward The technology exists. The research institutions are in place. The private sector is already demonstrating what’s possible. What’s needed now is stronger collaboration between government, industry, and local communities to scale up these innovations. Could the DOST provide additional technical and financial support to expand the use of compressed natural fiber boards? Could Local Government Units (LGUs) work with coastal communities to collect mangrove waste and turn it into valuable products using this technology? Could eco-friendly products like Naturescast become a model for other green industries in the Philippines? These are the questions we need to answer if we want to transform waste into wealth, conserve our forests, and create sustainable livelihoods. Compressed Natural Fiber Technology is more than just a scientific breakthrough—it’s a pathway to a greener, more resilient future. Let’s work together to ensure that we maximize its potential for the benefit of both people and planet. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-30-2025

LET US HAVE MORE BUS-TRAINS OR BUSWAYS

LET US HAVE MORE BUS-TRAINS OR BUSWAYS In theory, if all bus drivers and passengers were disciplined, there would be no need for guided busways such as the EDSA Carousel. However, reality dictates otherwise. The EDSA Carousel, a guided busway, ensures that buses stay within their designated lanes from start to finish, reducing congestion and improving travel time. Guided busways exist in many countries, some using cement or wooden rails instead of the metal screens currently in place in the EDSA Carousel. Without such structured systems, chaos can ensue, as seen in places like Guadalupe, Makati, where an undisciplined mix of buses and passengers leads to unnecessary congestion and delays. Until bus drivers and passengers consistently follow traffic rules, guided busways remain essential. So why do some people want to remove them? Is it because these busways take up road space that private vehicle owners believe belongs to them? Or is it a matter of entitlement—resentment over not being allowed inside the EDSA Carousel lanes? The EDSA Carousel's success followed a necessary adjustment period, during which rule-breakers had to be disciplined to deter others from attempting the same. The system is comparable to the "Ikot" jeepneys in UP Diliman, which operate smoothly without guideways because passengers and drivers follow the rules. Similarly, scheduled bus systems in cities like New York operate efficiently without physical barriers. There, disciplined drivers adhere to schedules and routes, and passengers board and alight only at designated stops. A "bus-train" is conceptually like a commuter train—the primary difference being that buses are not physically connected. Instead, their schedule and orderliness create the effect of a continuous service. This system works best when drivers are salaried employees rather than commission-based operators who compete aggressively for passengers. The chaos in Metro Manila's bus system stems from this flawed commission-based structure, not an inherent flaw in bus operations. Strong policy decisions, not just infrastructure changes, will resolve the public transport crisis. Are agencies like the MMDA using satellite data to optimize traffic flow? With the right data, AI could help manage and ease congestion. Successful bus-train projects worldwide show the potential of this system: · The Netherlands is leading in electric bus adoption, with over 750 electric buses and a goal of making all new buses emission-free by 2025. · London is transitioning its entire bus fleet to zero-emission vehicles by 2037. · India’s National Electric Bus Program aims to introduce 50,000 electric buses nationwide by 2030. · Chile has one of the largest electric bus fleets outside China, with Santiago expanding its eco-friendly fleet. · Germany’s electric bus market continues to grow, with major cities investing in green transit solutions. Bus-train systems, or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), can revolutionize urban transport, combining the efficiency of trains with the flexibility of buses. Notable examples include: · Adelaide O-Bahn in Australia, which uses a guided concrete track. · The guided bus system in Kerpen-Düsseldorf, Germany. · Nagoya Guideway Bus in Japan, which runs on a dedicated lane with rail guidance. If Metro Manila wants to see lasting improvements in traffic and public transport, expanding guided bus-train systems is a logical step. With better discipline, smart policies, and proper investment, we can create a transportation network that is efficient, sustainable, and inclusive for all. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-29-2025

USING NON-LETHAL WEAPONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: A MORAL CHOICE?

USING NON-LETHAL WEAPONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: A MORAL CHOICE? If non-lethal weapons are already available for law enforcement, what justifies the continued use of lethal force? This question is at the heart of an ongoing debate about policing methods, public safety, and human rights. Given the advancements in non-lethal technology, it is worth exploring why law enforcement agencies still resort to deadly force in certain situations. The primary reasons for using lethal weapons in police operations are to neutralize threats and protect the lives of officers and civilians. However, both objectives can often be achieved through non-lethal means. Various non-lethal weapons, such as Tasers, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and bean bag rounds, can effectively subdue suspects without causing fatal injuries. So, if laws, regulations, and protocols exist for using non-lethal weapons in law enforcement, why are they not used more extensively? One key advantage of non-lethal weapons is that they allow law enforcement agencies to keep suspects alive, enabling further investigations and intelligence gathering. This could be critical in solving crimes more effectively. Additionally, the use of non-lethal weapons could prevent police officers from being accused of wrongful killings, whether through excessive force or extrajudicial executions. The reduction in allegations of police brutality and human rights violations would enhance public trust in law enforcement institutions. Furthermore, minimizing lethal encounters could also reduce discrimination against marginalized communities, who are often disproportionately affected by police violence. Beyond these legal and social considerations, the moral aspect of the debate is compelling. Using non-lethal weapons where possible allows for the preservation of life and the opportunity for rehabilitation. It gives suspects a chance to reform and reintegrate into society. It also means fewer widows and orphans left behind due to fatal law enforcement encounters. Other countries have successfully integrated non-lethal weapons into their policing strategies. Many U.S. states, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have developed robust policies prioritizing less-lethal methods before resorting to firearms. So why not give it a chance in the Philippines? A review of existing laws and regulations could help determine how to improve law enforcement policies considering new technological advancements. Republic Act No. 10591 (Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition Regulation Act) and Republic Act No. 9745 (Anti-Torture Act of 2009) already provide legal frameworks that can support the shift toward non-lethal weapons. Moreover, the Philippine National Police (PNP) has operational procedures that outline a use-of-force continuum, emphasizing progressive levels of force application. The question then arises: Why has the implementation of non-lethal weapons remained limited despite existing policies? Are law officers hesitant to use them? Is it a matter of procurement challenges or budget constraints? Best practices worldwide suggest that for non-lethal weapons to be effective, law enforcement agencies must ensure proportionate responses to threats, proper officer training, and strict accountability measures. Internationally, Tasers, pepper spray, and rubber bullets have been widely adopted, and their use is supported by comprehensive policies that emphasize de-escalation and crisis management. The Philippines should take cues from these global best practices. The government must invest in acquiring non-lethal weapons and prioritize proper training for law enforcers. Public discussions, legislative reviews, and pilot programs can all contribute to a more humane and effective approach to policing. Ultimately, embracing non-lethal weapons is not just a legal or tactical decision—it is a moral one. If there is a way to enforce the law while preserving human life, shouldn't that be the preferred choice? Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-28-2025

GENETICALLY MODIFIED TILAPIA, ANYONE?

GENETICALLY MODIFIED TILAPIA, ANYONE? I have mixed feelings about genetically modified (GMO) foods. While I am generally wary of them, I can also see the potential benefits they offer, particularly in providing affordable food for the poor. This is especially relevant in the case of grains and fish, where food security is a growing concern. One example is tilapia, a fish species that holds significant promise for both food security and livelihood opportunities for fish farmers. Due to climate change, it has become increasingly dangerous for small artisanal fishermen to venture out into the ocean in search of fish. Additionally, global warming has affected fish breeding patterns, leading to declining fish stocks. These challenges make it more practical for fishermen to transition into fish farming, and GMO tilapia presents an option that could be both profitable and sustainable. GMO tilapia can be cultivated in fish cages in lakes, rivers, and coves, or grown in controlled environments such as Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). These farming methods ensure consistent supply, better control over water quality, and reduced pressure on wild fish populations. While my reservations about GMOs persist, I find myself more inclined to support GMO tilapia—if government agencies could ensure its safety for human consumption through rigorous oversight and regulation. To add to that, the government should study the impact of tilapia into the environment, because tilapia is an invasive species. Despite its potential, the adoption of GMO tilapia by fish farmers has been slow, likely due to concerns over its safety and public perception of genetically modified foods. This is where government agencies such as the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) should step in to educate and promote responsible use of this technology. Initiatives such as the Villar SIPAG Farm School in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, provide valuable technology demonstrations on tilapia culture. This project, in collaboration with the DA-National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (DA-NFRDI) and the BFAR National Freshwater Fisheries Technology Center (BFAR-NFFTC), focuses on using quality strains and extruded floating feeds (EEF) to enhance tilapia growth. Successful harvests of Nile and Red tilapia strains have demonstrated improved growth rates and cost efficiency, providing an encouraging outlook for fish farmers. Furthermore, the Villar SIPAG Urban Farm School in Bacoor, Cavite, offers training in urban farming and gardening techniques, promoting modern farming practices. These farm schools provide free training programs, empowering local farmers with knowledge and hands-on experience in sustainable food production. So, is GMO tilapia safe to eat? According to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the World Health Organization (WHO), GMO foods, including GMO tilapia, undergo extensive safety assessments before approval. Studies indicate that GMO tilapia is no more harmful than its non-GMO counterpart, and it provides added benefits such as disease resistance and improved nutritional content. In the Philippines, GMO regulation is handled by the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and the Department of Health (DOH). The Joint Department Circular No. 1, Series of 2021, outlines rules and regulations for the research, development, handling, and use of GMOs, ensuring a streamlined and rigorous approval process. The country is also a party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which promotes transparency and public participation in GMO-related decisions. While the scientific consensus supports the safety of GMO tilapia, some consumers remain skeptical due to personal and ethical concerns. As with any food product, the choice to consume GMO tilapia should be left to individual consumers, provided they are given full transparency regarding its production and safety standards. Ultimately, if GMO tilapia can contribute to food security and provide stable livelihoods for fish farmers, it deserves serious consideration—so long as it is regulated responsibly and remains a safe option for public consumption. Beyond the issue of food security, the government must weigh and evaluate the impact of an invasive species like tilapia. Could it be doing more harm than good. it may be good that we are eating tilapia, but it may be bad that tilapia is eating the young of endemic and native fish species to their extinction. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-27-2025

LAWS REQUIRING MANDATORY BIODEGRADEABLE SHOPPING BAGS

LAWS REQUIRING MANDATORY BIODEGRADEABLE SHOPPING BAGS Gone are the days when shoppers were asked whether they preferred plastic or paper shopping bags at grocery stores. Today, many local government units (LGUs) have already mandated the exclusive use of paper shopping bags, banning plastic ones through local ordinances. This move aims to reduce plastic waste, promote sustainability, and encourage businesses to adopt environmentally friendly practices. While the use of mandatory paper bags is a well-intended environmental initiative, many shoppers have voiced concerns about their durability. Paper bags often fail to hold wet or frozen goods, and they can easily break when carrying heavier items like canned goods. These inconveniences have led to some dissatisfaction among consumers, who feel that the shift to paper bags comes at the cost of practicality. One possible solution to this issue is for shoppers to bring their own reusable shopping bags made from stronger, eco-friendly materials. The good news is that technology has now made it possible to produce bags that are not only stronger than both paper and plastic but are also organic and biodegradable. These new-generation shopping bags are crafted from natural fibers such as banana or abaca, which are known for their durability and sustainability. Additionally, even standard paper bags can be reinforced with banana or abaca fibers, making them more resilient while still being biodegradable. If LGUs adopt these improved alternatives, shoppers may no longer face issues with fragile paper bags. Although LGUs have the power to enforce environmental policies, it is always beneficial to ensure these regulations are consumer friendly. The transition to sustainable alternatives should not create unnecessary difficulties for the public. As the saying goes, necessity is the mother of invention. If plastic shopping bags are completely phased out, both businesses and consumers will naturally innovate and seek better, eco-friendly alternatives. Besides banana and abaca fibers, other natural materials such as coconut leaves, nipa palm leaves, and bamboo strips could also be explored for bag production. The Philippines already has several national laws promoting biodegradable shopping bags. Now, it is up to the LGUs to enact ordinances that complement these national efforts. Retailers that genuinely care about the environment should not wait for a legal mandate to switch to biodegradable materials. Similarly, environmentally conscious consumers should actively support the banning of plastic shopping bags as part of their contribution to preserving nature. Countries around the world have already implemented laws requiring businesses to use paper or biodegradable bags in place of plastic. Cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, and New York have led the way in the United States, while states like California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Vermont have also enacted strict bans. Beyond the U.S., countries like Ireland, Australia, and Kenya have successfully implemented nationwide bans on plastic bags, proving that large-scale transitions are both possible and effective. By embracing these global best practices, the Philippines can further enhance its environmental policies. If more LGUs take proactive steps, and if businesses and consumers alike commit to sustainable choices, the transition to mandatory biodegradable shopping bags can be a smooth and beneficial one for all. The fight against plastic waste requires collective effort, but with innovation and commitment, we can make a real impact on our planet. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-26-2025

IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY SERVICE SYSTEM

IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY SERVICE SYSTEM Overcrowding in our jails and prisons is an undeniable crisis. The sheer number of inmates packed into confined spaces has reached levels that violate basic human rights. No matter how we investigate the issue, the reality remains: our penitentiary system is overwhelmed beyond imagination. Authorities at the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) have long sought solutions, and while efforts are being made, there are two existing options that already have a legal foundation—parole and community service. For this column, we will focus on the community service option and its potential benefits. Community service as a sentencing alternative serves a preventive function. It keeps minor offenders out of jails and prisons, reducing congestion. While it is uncertain exactly how many individuals could be diverted from incarceration through community service, the numbers should be significant enough to alleviate the burden on our penal institutions. The Philippines already has the legal framework for community service through Republic Act No. 11362, also known as the Community Service Act. This law allows courts to impose community service for minor offenses punishable by arresto menor and arresto mayor, which include slight physical injuries, malicious mischief, and unjust vexation. Community service must be performed in the location where the crime was committed and is supervised by a probation officer, with the added requirement of rehabilitative counseling from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). However, could this law be expanded or better implemented? Can it be used retroactively to release minor offenders already serving time? If those with good behavior—especially persons with disabilities (PWDs), super senior citizens, and those with serious illnesses—were transitioned to community service, would it significantly ease prison congestion? Moreover, technology can play a crucial role in monitoring offenders who are granted community service. Electronic monitoring devices such as leg bands could be used to ensure compliance without the need for physical detention. These devices have been successfully implemented in other countries and could be piloted here. Beyond decongesting prisons, community service also presents economic and environmental benefits. Offenders could be assigned to clean public spaces, rehabilitate parks, plant trees, or participate in other civic initiatives. This would not only benefit the community but also reduce government spending on public works. Additionally, community service reduces the financial burden on taxpayers who fund prison maintenance and sustenance for inmates. Other nations have successfully implemented similar programs. Singapore’s Community Work Program, Canada’s Restorative Justice Program, and Germany’s Community Service Program have shown reduced recidivism and increased rehabilitation success. Australia’s Work and Development Orders (WDOs) allow offenders to work off fines through community service, and New Zealand has adopted community sentences to address underlying issues while keeping low-risk offenders out of prisons. The Philippines has already laid the groundwork for an effective community service system, but improvements are necessary. The implementation of Republic Act No. 11362 must be strengthened with a dedicated monitoring system, potentially through digital platforms like the e-Court system or the Justice Zone Management System (JZMS). The government should also consider expanding eligibility for community service, ensuring that minor offenders who demonstrate good behavior can reintegrate into society while contributing positively. Pilot programs should be launched to assess the effectiveness of these ideas. Starting with select jails and prisons, authorities could test the release of qualified inmates into structured community service programs. If proven effective, this initiative could be expanded nationwide, significantly reducing prison congestion and promoting rehabilitation. The community service system has the potential to transform our approach to justice. It upholds the principles of rehabilitation over punishment, benefits communities, and alleviates the strain on our penal institutions. It is time to take bold yet well-grounded steps in improving this system and ensuring that justice is not just punitive, but also restorative. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-25-2025

INNOVATIONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION

INNOVATIONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION Education is a fundamental right, yet thousands of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the Philippines still face significant barriers to accessing quality education. According to the Department of Education (DepEd), about 232,975 PWD students are currently enrolled in regular schools. However, there is no available data on the number of PWDs who should be studying at the elementary or high school levels, whether in regular schools or specialized institutions. This gap in information raises concerns about the accessibility and inclusivity of the country’s education system. One of the major challenges faced by PWD students is physical inaccessibility. Many are unable to commute to school due to mobility issues, lack of transportation, or inadequate school facilities. Others may feel shy or fearful of bullying, which discourages them from attending school. While laws mandate that children of school age must be enrolled in school, are there exceptions for PWDs? If so, how can we ensure that they still receive an education? Local Government Units (LGUs) play a crucial role in addressing these concerns. Offices such as the Persons with Disability Affairs Office (PDAO) and the Local Youth Development Office (LYDO) could work together to track and list Out-of-School Youth (OSY) who are also PWDs. If LGUs fail to establish these offices, what penalties are in place? Effective coordination among government agencies is vital to bridging the education gap for PWDs. Another pressing issue is the effectiveness of the Alternative Learning System (ALS). DepEd data reveals that only about half of ALS students graduate, with completion rates ranging from 60% to 80%. This high dropout rate is linked to financial constraints, lack of motivation, and the need to work. If the ALS system already faces challenges, how can it be improved to cater to PWD students? Could ALS be integrated with the Special Education (SPED) program to create a more inclusive and flexible learning environment? Furthermore, technology can play a transformative role in special education. The possibility of 100% online learning for PWDs should be explored, as many find it difficult to attend face-to-face classes. Innovations such as text-to-speech software, speech-to-text applications, and assistive learning devices can make education more accessible. However, internet connectivity remains a challenge, particularly in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA). This issue could be addressed through satellite internet providers like Starlink. Inclusive education also requires investment in teacher training, accessible school infrastructure, and financial support for PWD students. Combining ALS and SPED programs could lead to significant cost savings for the government while maximizing educational resources. Additionally, existing software tools like Microsoft’s accessibility features for disadvantaged students could be leveraged to support learning. Despite the challenges, there is a path forward. Strengthening data collection on PWD students, improving ALS and SPED integration, investing in assistive technology, and ensuring government accountability are essential steps toward a more inclusive education system. Every child, regardless of their physical or cognitive abilities, deserves an equal opportunity to learn and thrive. The question remains: Are we doing enough to make education accessible to all PWDs? The time for innovation and action is now. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-24-2025

WHAT IS A GREEN CITY?

WHAT IS A GREEN CITY? A Green City, also known as a Sustainable City or Eco-City, is an urban area designed to minimize its environmental impact while improving the quality of life for its residents. But what does it truly mean to be a green city? And how many cities in the Philippines can genuinely claim this title? The Case of the Philippines Has any city in the Philippines been officially recognized as a Green City? Some have made claims, while others have received awards for cleanliness. I remember a few years ago, Las Piñas was declared a clean city. However, upon closer inspection, its rivers and creeks remain polluted. Shouldn’t there be a connection between being green and being clean? How can a city be declared green if it is not even clean? A few years back, I visited a new development in Laguna that was marketed as a “green city.” Yet, I observed garbage trucks frequently coming and going, suggesting that waste segregation programs (WSPs) and Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) were lacking. I also noticed a network of electric posts, implying that underground power and internet cables were not installed. How many cities claim to be "clean and green" without WSPs, MRFs, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), or Sanitary Landfills (SLFs)? Even if it is not yet mandatory for cities to have their own SLFs, shouldn’t they voluntarily build them? If every barangay followed the law and put up its own MRF, the need for large SLFs would significantly decrease. Common sense tells us that for a city to be truly green, it must first be clean. No city should be declared green unless it is clean, and no city should be labeled "clean and green" without complete infrastructure for waste and sewage management. Is that too much to ask? Absolutely not! Beyond Clean and Green: Smart and Safe Cities If cities strive to be "clean and green," they should also aim to be "smart and safe." Smart cities leverage technology to enhance efficiency and sustainability, while safe cities prioritize public security and disaster resilience. Some cities in the Philippines may pass as clean, green, smart, or safe, but none have successfully combined all four elements to become a "four-star city." But what good is a "four-star city" if its poverty, hunger, homelessness, crime, or unemployment rates remain high? Is there a common metric that combines all these factors? If such a metric existed, perhaps we could aim for a "five-star city." Imagine a city filled with smart technology but plagued by poverty, crime, and homelessness. Would it still be an ideal place to live? A truly sustainable city must be clean, green, smart, and safe while ensuring social equity and economic opportunities for all. Characteristics of a Green City A Green City should incorporate the following elements: 1. Renewable Energy: Utilizing solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. 2. Green Spaces: Expanding parks, gardens, and tree-lined streets. 3. Sustainable Transportation: Promoting walking, cycling, and public transit. 4. Energy-Efficient Buildings: Implementing green architecture and eco-friendly materials. 5. Waste Management: Enforcing recycling, composting, and responsible disposal. 6. Water Conservation: Implementing rainwater harvesting and efficient water use. 7. Urban Planning: Encouraging mixed-use development and pedestrian-friendly environments. 8. Climate Resilience: Preparing for rising sea levels and extreme weather. Best Practices in the Philippines Some cities have taken steps toward sustainability: Batangas City: Incentivizing eco-friendly business practices. Makati City: Implementing green building ordinances. Puerto Princesa: Known as the "cleanest and greenest" city in the country. Marikina City: Leading in waste management and air quality improvement. Global Best Practices Globally, cities such as Singapore, Copenhagen, Vancouver, and Curitiba serve as models for sustainable urban development. They integrate smart technology with environmental policies, ensuring efficient waste management, sustainable energy, and climate resilience. Conclusion: Looking Ahead For a city to be truly green, it must also be clean, smart, and safe. The Philippines has made strides in urban sustainability, but more must be done. Cities should focus on integrated infrastructure, strict environmental policies, and smart urban planning to achieve the goal: a livable, sustainable, and resilient future for all. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-23-2025

IMPROVING THE PHILIPPINE ORGAN DONATION SYSTEM

IMPROVING THE PHILIPPINE ORGAN DONATION SYSTEM The Philippines has a legal framework in place to manage its organ donation system, but several key issues need to be addressed to make the process more efficient, transparent, and accessible to those in need. While the Philippine Network for Organ Sharing (PHILNOS) plays a vital role in coordinating organ transplants, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the process, logistics, and overall system effectiveness. The Role of the Land Transportation Office (LTO) One important aspect of the current system is the mandate requiring the Land Transportation Office (LTO) to include an organ donor form at the back of driver’s licenses. This allows drivers to indicate their willingness to donate organs in the event of their death. However, does the LTO maintain a database of prospective organ donors? If so, how is this database accessed in real-time by hospitals that need to locate suitable organ donors immediately after death? Organ Availability and Hospital Notification A major concern is whether there is a system in place to promptly notify hospitals about the availability of organs that can be harvested. Time is a critical factor in organ transplantation, and a delay in notification could mean the loss of viable organs. How are the organs harvested? Are they removed in hospital operating rooms or specialized facilities? Identifying Recipients and Selection Protocol Another critical question is how organ recipients are identified and located. What is the process for choosing the beneficiary or donee? Is there a national waitlist that prioritizes patients based on urgency, compatibility, and fairness? Are hospitals required to have ethics committees to oversee the selection process and ensure transparency? Logistics of Organ Transport Once an organ is ready for transplantation, how is it transported between hospitals? Is there a dedicated transport system for human organs? Who pays for the costs associated with transporting organs? Are medical evacuation (med evac) airplanes or helicopters available for long-distance transfers? Additionally, does PhilHealth provide coverage for organ acquisition and transport costs? The Role of PHILNOS and Data Security PHILNOS maintains the organ donation database, but how is it managed and funded? Is it fully secure, and who has authorized access? Are there data recovery and mirror sites in case of a system failure? Furthermore, who serves as the database administrator, and what improvements are needed to enhance the security and efficiency of PHILNOS? Expanding Organ Donor Registration Currently, driver’s licenses are used to indicate organ donor status, but should we expand this initiative to include other forms of government-issued identification, such as passports, Social Security System (SSS) IDs, Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) IDs, Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) IDs, and PhilHealth cards? A broader reach could significantly increase the number of registered donors. Best Practices from Other Countries Many countries have adopted best practices to enhance their organ donation systems. For example, some nations have an opt-out system where all citizens are presumed to be organ donors unless they explicitly state otherwise. Others have centralized databases that integrate seamlessly with hospitals and emergency services. What lessons can the Philippines learn from these successful models? Addressing On-Site Deaths and Organ Recovery What happens in cases where individuals die on-site in accidents or other emergencies? Are authorities required to bring bodies to hospitals before organs can be harvested? If the deceased is taken directly to a morgue or funeral parlor, how will the organs be retrieved? There needs to be a clear protocol for handling such situations to ensure that viable organs are not lost due to procedural gaps. Conflict of Interest Concerns PHILNOS is hosted by the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI). Does this create a potential conflict of interest in organ allocation? Does NKTI get preference over other hospitals? The transparency of PHILNOS operations should be ensured so that no institution gains an unfair advantage in organ transplantation. Funding and Sustainability Where does PHILNOS get its funding? Does it receive an allocation from the Department of Health (DOH) or directly from NKTI? Is there a sustainable budget for its long-term operations? Understanding the financial structure of PHILNOS will help determine whether additional funding or support is required. Moving Forward The Philippines must take proactive steps to strengthen its organ donation system. Some immediate actions could include: Enhancing the PHILNOS database for real-time matching and notifications. Expanding donor registration through various government-issued IDs. Improving logistics for organ transport and ensuring funding support. Establishing clearer protocols for organ retrieval from on-site deaths. Studying best practices from other countries and implementing feasible solutions. Addressing ethical concerns in organ allocation to ensure fairness and transparency. Organ donation saves lives, and a more efficient system will ensure that no viable organ goes to waste. By addressing these pressing questions and gaps in the current system, the Philippines can significantly improve its organ donation and transplantation framework, ultimately giving more patients a second chance at life. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-22-2025

UPGRADING THE PHILIPPINE DNA DATABASE

UPGRADING THE PHILIPPINE DNA DATABASE The Philippines stands at a crucial juncture in forensic science and law enforcement. With the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) each maintaining their own DNA databases, there is a pressing need to streamline and upgrade our national DNA system. While both agencies likely provide access to each other’s databases, best practices in other countries suggest that a unified, centralized database is the optimal approach. A Centralized Model: Lessons from the United States In the United States, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is maintained by the FBI and is accessible to all law enforcement agencies, including local police and sheriff units. This centralized approach ensures seamless collaboration, eliminates redundancy, and enhances efficiency in criminal investigations. Unlike the U.S., where police departments are localized, the Philippines has a more centralized law enforcement structure, which makes the case for a national DNA database even stronger. The Role of the DNA Analysis Laboratory The DNA Analysis Laboratory of the Natural Sciences Research Institute (NSRI) at the University of the Philippines Diliman, headed by Dr. Corazon De Ungria, is the country’s foremost institution in DNA science. Dr. De Ungria and her team have been instrumental in supporting the DNA initiatives of both the PNP and NBI. Furthermore, they play a significant role in Project Innocence, which uses DNA evidence to exonerate wrongly convicted prisoners. Given their expertise, it is imperative that the Philippine government provide more funding and institutional support to the NSRI to enhance forensic capabilities nationwide. Embracing AI for DNA Database Enhancement Both the PNP and NBI have expressed interest in utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to upgrade their DNA databases, though they remain in the planning stages. AI has the potential to revolutionize forensic science by improving DNA analysis, accelerating database searches, and ensuring greater accuracy in suspect identification. If these agencies are serious about incorporating AI, I have a team of AI experts willing to assist them in moving forward. Additionally, collaboration with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) could address any data privacy concerns related to this initiative. Seeking International Collaboration One viable shortcut to upgrading the Philippine DNA database would be to request assistance from the FBI in setting up a local version of CODIS. The FBI could potentially share its source code or software framework, allowing the Philippines to establish a robust national system without reinventing the wheel. The NBI or the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), with the help of the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C., could initiate this request. Given the strong U.S.-Philippines ties in national defense, it stands to reason that the U.S. would also be willing to cooperate on law enforcement matters. The Need for Government Support In my previous roles—first as Director of Science and Technology for the DFA and later as Director General of the National Computer Center (NCC)—I contributed to the establishment of the NBI’s Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and helped integrate the PNP and NBI into the National Crime Information System (NCIS). Given that the NCC is the forerunner of today’s Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT), the government should explore how a centralized AFIS could work in tandem with a national DNA database for more efficient crime-solving capabilities. Moving Forward Upgrading the Philippine DNA database requires a multi-pronged approach: 1. Unification: Consolidate the PNP and NBI databases into a single, centralized system. 2. AI Integration: Utilize artificial intelligence to improve efficiency and accuracy. 3. Government Funding: Increase financial support for the NSRI and Dr. De Ungria’s team. 4. International Collaboration: Seek technical assistance from the FBI for a CODIS-based system. 5. Legal Safeguards: Work with the IBP to ensure data privacy protections. A well-structured and modernized DNA database will not only improve crime resolution rates but will also uphold justice by preventing wrongful convictions. It is time for the Philippines to take decisive action in forensic science, aligning our nation with global best practices and ensuring that justice is both swift and fair. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-21-2025

WE NEED MORE CHILD PROTECTION UNITS

WE NEED MORE CHILD PROTECTION UNITS Ensuring the safety and welfare of children is one of the most important responsibilities of any society. In the Philippines, there are at least four laws that serve as the legal basis for establishing more Child Protection Units (CPUs), with Republic Act 7610—also known as the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act—being the most prominent. However, despite these laws, the presence of CPUs remains insufficient, leaving many children vulnerable and without immediate support. One of the most pressing concerns is the apparent lack of a directory for existing CPUs, making it difficult for victims and their guardians to find assistance. While the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) provides a national hotline (1349) and a crisis hotline (0918-912-2813), many victims and their families may not be aware of these resources. What is clear is that a CPU exists at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), and theoretically, larger police stations should have one as well. However, in practice, accessibility remains a major issue. CPUs are supposed to be equipped with Sexual Assault Investigation Kits (SAIKs), commonly known as rape kits, to collect vital DNA evidence in cases of sexual abuse. Unfortunately, many CPUs lack the necessary equipment and resources to properly perform these tasks. This could stem from budgeting and procurement issues—either there is no dedicated budget for these supplies, or there is a lack of awareness among officials about the necessity of maintaining a steady stock of these kits. Furthermore, staffing and training are additional concerns. Some police stations may not have personnel trained to properly collect and preserve forensic evidence, while others may not have enough staff assigned to child protection at all. The root of this issue appears to be a lack of coordination among agencies responsible for child welfare, including the DILG, PNP, DOH, DOJ, and DSWD. What should the ideal workflow of coordination be? Should there be dedicated police officers stationed in hospitals alongside DSWD personnel? Or should DSWD assign staff directly to police stations to ensure that victims receive proper assistance from the moment they report a crime? Furthermore, since rape kits and other forensic evidence must be carefully stored, is the PNP equipped with the necessary facilities to handle and preserve these sensitive materials? Perhaps it is time to revisit the existing laws and introduce amendments that would allocate more funding for the collection, storage, and proper handling of DNA evidence in child abuse cases. Additionally, the role of the National Council for the Welfare of Children (NCWC) in these efforts should be clarified. Are they actively present in hospitals and police stations to provide oversight and guidance? Fortunately, several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like the Child Protection Network (CPN) are stepping in to help. The CPN provides hotline numbers—0915-780-7884 (Globe) and 0968-295-7977 (Smart)—that help those in need. Their support is invaluable, but NGOs alone cannot fill the gaps left by inadequate government infrastructure. To truly protect the nation's children, the government must take decisive action. More CPUs need to be established, properly staffed, and equipped. A centralized directory of CPUs should be made available to the public, and stronger inter-agency coordination must be implemented. The safety of our children depends on it. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-20-2025

BUILDING MAN-MADE LAKES IN BARANGAYS

BUILDING MAN-MADE LAKES IN BARANGAYS In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 6716 mandates the construction of water wells, rainwater collectors, and the development of springs in all barangays. This law was originally enacted to prepare communities for El Niño, a climatic phenomenon that brings dry spells and droughts, often affecting water supply and agricultural productivity. However, I firmly believe that this initiative can be taken further to maximize its benefits beyond just water conservation. If properly designed, these water embankments could be constructed in a way that transforms them into man-made lakes. These lakes would not only serve as water reservoirs but could also play a crucial role in flood control, aquaculture, food production, and even energy generation. Expanding the Purpose of Water Retention Ponds 1. Support for Aquaculture and Livelihoods – Instead of just acting as water storage, these lakes could be used for fish farming, providing an additional source of livelihood and improving food security in barangays. 2. Growing Water Vegetables – Certain vegetables thrive in wet environments, such as water spinach (kangkong), taro (gabi), and watercress. These crops could be cultivated around the lakes to further enhance food supply. 3. Drinking Water Source – With the use of affordable water heating and filtration technologies, the water collected in these artificial lakes could be made potable, addressing the persistent issue of clean water shortages in many areas. 4. Potential for Hydropower Generation – Small-scale hydropower technology could be explored to generate energy from water movement in larger lakes. 5. Rainwater Collection Integration – By connecting rooftop rainwater collection systems to these lakes, barangays could significantly increase water retention capacity and improve overall water management. 6. Irrigation Support – Farmers in surrounding communities could use water from these lakes to sustain their crops, especially during the dry season. 7. Raising Ducks and Other Livestock – The lakes could also be utilized for raising ducks, which can be a viable livelihood venture. A Question of Compliance and Incentives Despite the clear benefits, it appears that very few barangays are actively complying with this law. Could it be due to a lack of incentives or awareness? If so, barangays should realize that the long-term advantages—a stable potable water supply, enhanced local food production, and improved resilience against drought and floods—are incentives in themselves. Additionally, who should take the lead in ensuring that barangays implement this initiative? Should it be the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), in coordination with agencies such as the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), and the Department of Agriculture (DA)? Since this should be an inter-agency effort, perhaps the DILG could oversee the initiative and ensure its implementation nationwide. Learning from Successful Man-Made Lakes Worldwide The United States has successfully utilized man-made lakes for multiple purposes. For instance: Lake Mead – Created by the Hoover Dam, it serves as a reservoir for hydroelectric power, irrigation, and flood control. Lake Powell – Supports hydroelectric power generation and tourism. Lake Texoma – Provides irrigation, flood control, and aquaculture opportunities. Lake Sakakawea – Used for hydroelectric power, irrigation, and food production. These examples demonstrate that, when properly planned and managed, man-made lakes can become valuable assets for communities. A Call to Action With climate change intensifying the challenges of water scarcity, food insecurity, and natural disasters, barangays must rethink their approach to water management. By transforming required water retention structures into multi-purpose lakes, local communities can harness the full potential of these resources. The question now is: Will barangays and government agencies take this opportunity to implement a truly sustainable and transformative solution? The benefits are clear. Now, it’s time to make it happen. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-19-2025

ANIMALS COMING BACK FROM EXTINCTION

ANIMALS COMING BACK FROM EXTINCTION There has been a growing number of reports about animals that were once considered extinct making a comeback. These stories are inspiring, but they also raise important questions. Are these animals truly coming back from extinction, or were they simply thought to have disappeared, only to reappear in the public view? In some cases, what we call extinction might just be an error in observation. Some animals were assumed to be gone forever, only for small populations to be rediscovered. However, there are also cases where a species has completely vanished, leaving behind only DNA samples. Scientists are now exploring the possibility of bringing these species back through a process called de-extinction. The Philippines, as a developing nation, may not yet have the resources for ambitious de-extinction programs. However, this should not stop us from taking serious measures to conserve our endangered and critically endangered species. Bringing back endemic Philippine species that are on the brink of extinction does not necessarily have to cost too much—it simply requires strategic planning and collaboration. According to global conservation standards, species with fewer than 250 mature individuals are considered critically endangered. This means they are just one step away from extinction. We should start with these species, identifying their populations, their locations, and their threats. Without this knowledge, how can we even begin to protect them? Once we have clear data, local government units (LGUs) should be empowered with resources to conduct conservation efforts at the community level. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) alone cannot do this job. Wildlife conservation requires a "whole-of-government" and "whole-of-nation" approach. Both the public and private sectors must work together to protect our rich biodiversity. Conservation is not just about saving individual species. It is about preserving entire ecosystems and maintaining biodiversity. This is crucial because a balanced ecosystem benefits not just wildlife but also human communities that depend on these natural resources. One key question remains: Does the government have a database of all ongoing wildlife conservation programs? If not, then how can we effectively track and support efforts to save our endangered species? Looking at global success stories, we find hope. The California condor, once down to just 22 individuals, has recovered due to intensive breeding programs. The Amur leopard, once at the brink of extinction, now has a growing population thanks to conservation efforts. The Javan rhino, though still critically endangered, has seen population stability due to habitat protection. These cases prove that with commitment, species can recover. We need to take inspiration from these efforts and implement similar initiatives here in the Philippines. If other nations can save their endangered species, why can't we? Wildlife conservation is not just about nostalgia for animals lost. It is about the future—about ensuring that generations after us will still live in a world teeming with life and diversity. The time to act is now. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-18-2025

CONSERVING OUR THREE ENDEMIC DUCK SPECIES

CONSERVING OUR THREE ENDEMIC DUCK SPECIES The Philippines is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including three endemic species of ducks: the Philippine Duck (Anas luzonica), the Mindoro Duck (Anas mindorensis), and the Philippine Mallard (Anas luzonica philippinensis). While the rest of the duck species found in the country are migratory, these three are unique to the Philippines and serve as important indicators of the health of our wetlands and ecosystems. The good news is that none of these endemic duck species are currently classified as endangered. However, the bad news is that all three are considered vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This means that if their populations drop below 2,500 individuals, they will be reclassified as endangered, placing them at even greater risk of extinction. One silver lining is that the government has established conservation programs aimed at protecting these ducks and their habitats. However, a concerning issue arises—there is very little publicly available data on whether these programs are successful or not. Either the government is not reporting on the results, or the information is not easily accessible to the public. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to assess whether the conservation measures in place are effective or not. The government should implement a policy of open access to conservation data. Making this information available to researchers, environmental groups, and the public would help improve conservation strategies and encourage greater participation in protecting these species. Since the Mindoro Duck is the only endemic species that is clearly associated with a specific province, Mindoro, it would be logical for the government to provide financial support to the province for conservation efforts. Funding could go towards habitat restoration, monitoring programs, and community engagement initiatives to ensure the protection of this unique bird. Another important step is the official designation of a national duck for the Philippines. Despite their ecological and cultural significance, none of our endemic duck species have been granted this title. Declaring one of them as the national duck would help raise awareness about their conservation and could lead to increased funding and protection efforts. Once chosen, the national duck should be featured on postage stamps and paper currency, further highlighting its importance to our national identity. While our primary concern is the conservation of our endemic ducks, we must not forget the migratory species that visit the Philippines annually. These birds travel great distances and rely on our wetlands as resting and feeding grounds. As a responsible member of the global ecological community, the Philippines has a duty to protect migratory ducks and ensure that their habitats remain intact. Furthermore, hunting and killing ducks of any species should be strictly illegal. Many of these birds are already struggling due to habitat destruction and pollution. Enforcing stricter laws against hunting, along with better monitoring and stronger penalties, will go a long way in ensuring their survival. Conserving our endemic duck species requires collective effort from the government, conservation groups, local communities, and individuals. Through better policies, increased funding, and a commitment to transparency, we can protect these birds and preserve our rich biodiversity for future generations. The time to act is now—before our vulnerable ducks become endangered. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-17-2025

WE DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH SANITARY LANDFILLS

WE DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH SANITARY LANDFILLS As of 2022, the Philippines had 290 sanitary landfills (SLFs). That number may sound impressive until you consider that as of June 30, 2024, there are 149 cities and 1,493 municipalities, totaling 1,642 local government units (LGUs). If we assume that these 1,642 LGUs are relying on those 290 SLFs, that gives us a troubling ratio of about six LGUs per landfill. But there’s a bigger problem: as of 2022, 1,580 dumpsites—which are already illegal—were still in existence. This raises a crucial question: are LGUs really using sanitary landfills, or are many of them still dumping waste illegally? Consider the case of Laguna Lake, once a dumping ground for waste from several LGUs. While significant efforts have been made to stop this practice, are we truly serious about banning dumpsites? If we are, why are there still so many, and why do some LGUs continue to flout the law? If we are genuinely committed to building more landfills, why are there so few around? Perhaps the culprit is the law itself, which offers LGUs too many alternatives to constructing their own sanitary landfills. The options include: 1. Clustering with other LGUs to share a landfill. 2. Using existing private or government-run SLFs. 3. Adopting alternative waste disposal technologies. These choices, while seemingly practical, raise more concerns. How does the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) monitor the choices made by LGUs? How does the government ensure that LGUs are not simply resorting to illegal dumpsites instead of the other options? The consequences of inadequate waste disposal are severe. Plastics and other garbage get carried by floods into rivers, lakes, and eventually the oceans, worsening the problem of microplastics. This is an environmental crisis that requires urgent action. Could the DENR sue LGUs for continuing to use dumpsites? Would it be more practical to require each LGU to have its own sanitary landfill? And if cost is an issue, could the national government subsidize the construction of these landfills for the LGUs? A look at some of the existing sanitary landfills in the country shows just how limited our resources are: 1. Calanasan Sanitary Landfill – Calanasan, Apayao 2. Pudtol Sanitary Landfill – Pudtol, Apayao 3. Sanitary Landfill Facility – Category I Project – Alfonso Lista, Ifugao 4. PhilEco – Navotas City, Metro Manila 5. Bacarra Sanitary Landfill – Bacarra, Ilocos Norte 6. Banna Sanitary Landfill – Banna, Ilocos Norte Clearly, with only 290 SLFs nationwide, the current setup is insufficient. We need more landfills, stricter enforcement of waste management laws, and greater accountability from LGUs. The national government must ensure that waste disposal laws are not just written but implemented—because the garbage problem will not solve itself. Are we ready to take responsibility for our waste, or will we keep turning a blind eye until our environment pays the ultimate price? Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-16-2025

HOW TO CONTROL MICROPLASTICS V.2

HOW TO CONTROL MICROPLASTICS V.2 Microplastics—tiny plastic particles less than 5mm in size—have become an alarming environmental threat. These minuscule pollutants are invading our oceans, food chain, and even human bodies. The world urgently needs a solution, and a recent scientific breakthrough in China offers a promising answer. A Breakthrough in China Scientists in China have developed a biodegradable foam made from cotton cellulose and chitin derived from squid bone. This innovative material efficiently absorbs microplastics from various water sources, boasting a nearly 100% success rate on its first use and maintaining a 95-98% efficiency even after multiple uses. Unlike other methods, this foam is recyclable, preventing further pollution while remaining cost-effective for large-scale application. The Dangers of Microplastics in Our Food Chain The presence of microplastics in our food chain is an alarming reality. These particles have been discovered in fish, shellfish, salt, and even drinking water. Once ingested, they can cause serious health issues, including hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and potential links to cancer. The more microplastics accumulate in marine life, the greater the threat to human health. The Ocean: The Largest Source of Microplastic Pollution Massive plastic waste deposits in our oceans are the primary cause of microplastic pollution. Plastics, when exposed to the elements, break down into microscopic particles that spread across marine ecosystems. These pollutants are not just harming marine animals but are also threatening entire ecosystems and biodiversity. Plastic Pollution: A Threat to Marine Life and Human Livelihoods Marine wildlife is suffering immensely from plastic waste. Many species are on the brink of extinction due to plastic ingestion or entanglement. Polluted marine life also leads to declining fish populations, threatening global food security and the livelihoods of millions who depend on fishing and seafood industries. If this crisis continues, we may face a food shortage that extends beyond marine products. Diplomatic Challenges vs. Economic Necessity Despite ongoing political tensions with China, economic diplomacy must take precedence when tackling a global crisis like microplastic pollution. The solution to this problem exists, and China’s recent breakthrough could be the key. Engaging in diplomatic negotiations to acquire this technology should be a priority, as it will directly benefit environmental conservation, food security, and economic stability. Avenues for Collaboration There are several international platforms where negotiations could take place, including the United Nations and APEC. These venues provide opportunities for cooperation, research exchange, and policy discussions to ensure that groundbreaking technologies reach countries that need them most. Developing Our Own Microplastic Removal Technology If diplomatic efforts fail, the government must take the initiative. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) should be mandated to develop similar biodegradable microplastic filters using locally available materials. The key ingredients—cotton cellulose and chitin from squid bone—are abundant in the country. Moreover, large corporations with established research laboratories should invest in this technology, aligning with their corporate social responsibility to combat plastic pollution. Public-private partnerships could accelerate research and development, ensuring that we are not left behind in the fight against microplastic contamination. What Can Individuals Do? While technological solutions are essential, individuals also play a crucial role in controlling microplastics. Some effective measures include: Reducing single-use plastics by using reusable bags, bottles, and containers. Choosing natural fabrics instead of synthetic clothing, which sheds microfibers. Installing microfiber filters on washing machines to capture plastic fibers before they enter the water system. Avoiding personal care products containing microbeads. Participating in beach and waterway cleanups. A Call to Action The threat of microplastics cannot be ignored. The time for action is now. Governments, scientists, businesses, and individuals must work together to combat this invisible yet pervasive menace. Whether through international cooperation, local innovation, or personal responsibility, every effort counts. Our future, our health, and our planet depend on it. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-15-2025

PHILIPPINE WILD PIGS ARE FACING EXTINCTION

PHILIPPINE WILD PIGS ARE FACING EXTINCTION Who cares about Philippine wild pigs going extinct? After all, they are just pigs, right? We no longer depend on them for food, and we now rely on imported breeds for our pork. Besides, we have already destroyed their natural habitats—so what is there left to save? But do you know that all wildlife plays a crucial role in ecosystems? If one species becomes extinct, it affects the ecosystem of its habitat. When an ecosystem is disturbed, it disrupts the ecological balance of a community or region. If that balance is destroyed, it could worsen climate change. The Philippines is home to several species of wild pigs, but only four of them are well-documented: the Visayan Warty Pig (Sus cebifrons), the Philippine Warty Pig (Sus philippensis), Oliver’s Warty Pig (Sus oliveri), and the Palawan Bearded Pig (Sus ahoenobarbus). Sadly, all four are either endangered or nearing extinction. What can we do to save them? Does anyone even care? As a nation, we are already guilty of allowing hundreds of species to go extinct. Isn’t it our moral duty now to save whatever species we can—even if they are “just pigs”? Shouldn’t we be ashamed that we have failed to protect so many of our endemic species? What right do we have to call ourselves stewards of God’s creation if we cannot take care of the creatures entrusted to us? The task of conserving and saving our endemic wildlife should not fall solely on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB). This should now become a national effort, a modern-day "bayanihan" movement. Each province that hosts endemic wildlife should have a local wildlife conservation office, supported by its own people-powered movement. Right now, three provinces—Samar, Leyte, and Palawan—are known to be the remaining strongholds of wild pig populations. However, other provinces in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao must also be identified. The national government should provide special funds to support host provinces in conservation efforts. Moreover, we should empower Indigenous Tribal Peoples (ITPs) as guardians of these endemic species, since these animals are primarily found in their ancestral lands. Stronger wildlife protection laws must be enforced, with harsher penalties for those who hunt and kill these animals. The Department of Agriculture (DA) should monitor the illegal trade of wild pig meat. Wildlife conservation must also be integrated into the school curriculum, and the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) should be mandated to conduct further research into conservation technologies. Local Government Units (LGUs) must play a more active role by mandating their veterinarians to care for endemic wildlife. Existing conservation programs must be properly funded and protected from budget cuts. Additionally, the government should be required to release regular reports on the growth or decline of endemic wild pig populations. The battle to save Philippine wild pigs is part of a larger fight to preserve our country’s rich biodiversity. If we lose them, we lose more than just another species—we weaken the ecosystems that sustain us all. The time to act is now, before it is too late. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-14-2025

NEW PACKAGING MATERIALS FROM ABACA FIBERS

NEW PACKAGING MATERIALS FROM ABACA FIBERS As the saying goes, this could be "the greatest thing since sliced bread!" The potential of abaca fiber as a sustainable alternative to plastic packaging is groundbreaking. As far as I know, no other material or technology today can replace plastic on a massive scale while being sourced from renewable materials. This discovery could revolutionize the packaging industry, benefiting both the environment and the economy. Abaca fiber, long known for its strength and durability, can be used for a variety of packaging needs. It has the potential to replace plastic sachet packs and even large packing cartons. What makes this innovation even better is that abaca can be combined with other natural materials like bagasse, further enhancing its eco-friendly properties. Abaca is not a new material; it has been widely used in the past. Many of us still remember when abaca was primarily used to manufacture ropes for the shipping and cargo industries. Additionally, abaca has also been used for textiles, producing natural clothing that remains in demand. Given the renewed interest in sustainable materials, the demand for abaca rope and textiles is likely to grow, again that is. With this development, one can’t help but wonder if the Central Bank of the Philippines might reconsider using abaca fiber for our paper bills instead of the plastic polymers they are currently utilizing. After all, abaca was once a key component in our currency notes and bringing it back could align with global efforts toward sustainability. As of now, abaca plants are abundant in the Bicol Region and much of Mindanao. However, with the potential boom in demand, it may be time to explore the expansion of abaca cultivation across other parts of the country. If managed correctly, this new opportunity could be a game-changer for the Philippines, much like petroleum has been for oil-rich nations. The key advantage is that abaca is a renewable resource, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite. The Philippine government must take proactive steps to maximize this opportunity before other countries recognize its potential and enter the market. We have already seen how our raw materials, such as timber and coconuts, are exported as raw materials without maximizing their value locally. We must not let the same mistake happen with abaca. Instead of merely exporting raw fiber, we should invest in processing and manufacturing facilities to create finished products within the country, increasing economic gains and job opportunities. To ensure that we fully capitalize on this opportunity, the government should consider forming an interagency committee comprising the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and other relevant agencies. This committee could oversee research, production, and export strategies to keep the Philippines at the forefront of the global abaca industry. Time is of the essence. The Philippines is not the only country capable of growing abaca. In theory, where bananas can grow, abaca can also thrive. If the demand for abaca increases significantly, other countries currently growing bananas, such as Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Indonesia, may begin cultivating abaca as well, creating direct competition for us. The solution? We must act swiftly and decisively. The government, private sector, and research institutions must work together to develop and commercialize abaca-based packaging technologies. Investments should be made in production facilities, market expansion, and technological advancements to improve processing efficiency and product quality. Abaca is a national treasure. If we play our cards right, we could transform this discovery into a major economic driver while helping the world reduce its reliance on plastic. The future is bright for abaca, and the Philippines must seize this golden opportunity before it slips away. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-13-2025

BUILDING ROADS USING CEMENT VERSUS ASPHALT: AN OPEN DEBATE

BUILDING ROADS USING CEMENT VERSUS ASPHALT: AN OPEN DEBATE It seems that since time immemorial, our farmers have been complaining about the lack of farm-to-market roads. These roads are essential for transporting produce efficiently, reducing waste, and ensuring that farmers receive fair prices for their goods. However, for just as long, traditional politicians have been making grand promises to build these roads if elected, yet the reality remains unchanged. The question we must ask is: Why does this problem persist despite repeated commitments? Personally, I am under the impression that many kilometers of new roads have been built through the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. Unfortunately, I could not find any reliable data detailing exactly how many kilometers have been completed. Transparency in infrastructure projects is crucial, and access to such information should be readily available to the public. In my stay in the United States, I observed that most interstate highways are built using cement, though asphalt is also utilized in certain areas. Meanwhile, in Japan, China, and Israel, both materials are used without a clear preference. Thailand, on the other hand, appears to favor asphalt. These choices seem to be influenced by various factors, including climate, cost, and maintenance considerations. One important factor to consider is the environmental impact of both materials. Cement production requires limestone extraction through open-pit mining, which can be highly destructive to the environment. Entire mountains have been leveled to obtain the raw materials for cement, leading to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. On the other hand, asphalt is derived from petroleum, and while petroleum extraction is also environmentally damaging, asphalt itself is merely a byproduct of the refining process. Environmentalists remain divided on which of the two materials is more sustainable and eco-friendlier. Given this ongoing debate, perhaps the government could sponsor consultation sessions where experts, environmentalists, and industry stakeholders can weigh in on the issue. A more informed and balanced approach to road construction would benefit both infrastructure development and environmental sustainability as it applies to our own local conditions. Cost is another major consideration. While asphalt roads are initially cheaper to build, they require more frequent maintenance due to wear and tear. Concrete roads, though more expensive upfront, tend to have longer lifespans and lower maintenance costs. This raises an important question: Should we prioritize lower initial expenses or long-term durability and sustainability? In addition to material choices, the construction and maintenance of farm-to-market roads need to be reevaluated. One potential solution is awarding contracts to local cooperatives under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) or PPP schemes. These cooperatives could be allowed to collect small toll fees to generate revenue for road maintenance. This approach could ensure continuous upkeep and empower local communities economically. Furthermore, exploring innovative materials could provide sustainable alternatives. For instance, waste plastic can be integrated into asphalt roads, improving durability while addressing the growing plastic waste crisis. Countries such as India and the Netherlands have already adopted this technology with promising results. However, concerns about microplastics from asphalt roads must also be addressed. Research indicates that as asphalt degrades, it releases microplastics into the environment, primarily through tire wear, road erosion, and runoff. These particles contribute to pollution and pose potential health risks. Similarly, the cement industry is exploring ways to reduce its carbon footprint, such as using alternative fuels and carbon capture technologies. Ultimately, the choice between asphalt and cement should be based on a thorough life-cycle assessment, taking into account environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Instead of treating road construction as a political promise that rarely materializes, a structured and evidence-based approach must be adopted. The government, private sector, and local communities must collaborate to find the best solutions for building and maintaining roads, especially in rural areas where infrastructure gaps are most pronounced. Only through strategic planning, innovative solutions, and accountability can we ensure that our roads serve their intended purpose: connecting people, facilitating trade, and driving economic growth. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-12-2025

FROM FISHERS TO FARMERS

FROM FISHERS TO FARMERS Plastic pollution is wreaking havoc on our marine life, posing an immediate and significant threat to our food security. Every year, vast amounts of plastic waste find their way into our oceans, endangering fish stocks and reducing the availability of seafood. What remains of our marine life is now increasingly contaminated with microplastics, raising concerns about human health and wellness. How safe is our seafood consumption today? Climate change is further compounding the problem. Rising sea temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns have made it increasingly difficult for small-scale fishermen to venture into the open seas. These fisherfolk, often reliant on traditional methods, lack the large-scale fishing boats that could better withstand rough conditions. Meanwhile, the dwindling fish catch has led to fierce competition between small-scale fishers and large commercial operators. How much longer can we sustainably depend on wild fish stocks? Fortunately, there is hope. Recent figures indicate that nearly half of our seafood is now produced through aquaculture. This means that we are already shifting towards a more controlled and sustainable form of seafood production. However, the question remains: are we doing enough to ensure our food security for the future? It is time to take decisive action by significantly increasing our aquaculture production. The government must actively adopt and promote advanced aquaculture technologies such as the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). This system allows for efficient fish farming in enclosed environments, reducing dependence on the open seas. Additionally, aquaponics—where fish and vegetables are grown together in a symbiotic system—should be widely supported and implemented. Could these innovations help us transition from overfishing to sustainable seafood production? Another viable solution is vertical farming in multistory buildings. By integrating RAS and aquaponics within urban spaces, we can produce fresh seafood and vegetables in a sustainable manner while utilizing minimal land and water resources. Additionally, we should consider reviving commercial fishponds in swamplands, but only if strict environmental laws are followed, including the preservation of mangrove forests. Beyond technology, we must also ensure that our initiatives are inclusive. Indigenous communities, coastal residents, and even highland populations should be empowered to participate in seafood production. The government should provide training and financial support to small-scale fish producers, neighborhood associations, and cooperatives to encourage widespread adoption of aquaculture. The numbers speak for themselves. In 2022, there were approximately 2.3 million fisherfolk in the Philippines, with 1.1 million engaged in capture fishing. However, with ocean warming, melting polar caps, and rising sea levels on the horizon, we must act now before traditional fishing becomes unsustainable. Increasing aquaculture production is not just an option—it is a necessity for ensuring food security in the years to come. The transition from reliance on capture fishing to aquaculture is inevitable. But the real question is: will we act swiftly enough to safeguard our future? It is time to embrace aquaculture, invest in innovative solutions, and secure our nation's food supply for generations to come. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-11-2025

LET US GO BACK TO REUSING GLASS BOTTLES INSTEAD OF ONE-WAY PLASTIC BOTTLES

LET US GO BACK TO REUSING GLASS BOTTLES INSTEAD OF ONE-WAY PLASTIC BOTTLES It seems that there is no longer any hope of stopping the relentless flow of one-way plastic bottles into our dumpsites, landfills, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans. Is there no other solution to this pressing environmental crisis? Perhaps the only way to truly put an end to the pollution caused by one-way plastic bottles is to totally ban their use. But if we are to eliminate them, what is the best alternative? Is there a new and innovative idea we could come up with? If we cannot create something new, why not revive an old idea—one that has already been proven effective? In fact, that is exactly what some foreign countries have done. Instead of continuing to use single-use plastic, they have reintroduced reusable and returnable glass bottles. These bottles are, in a sense, "multi-use" and "multi-way," making them a far superior alternative to plastic waste. Technically, these reusable and returnable glass bottles cannot even be called "recyclable" in the traditional sense because there is no need to reprocess them beyond washing and cleaning. In many countries, bottle deposit systems are still in place, allowing consumers to return used bottles for a refund, ensuring that they are properly collected, cleaned, and reused. I remember a time when the Philippines used this system effectively. I was part of the advertising team for Coca-Cola when it was still owned by San Miguel Corporation. At that time, Coca-Cola was sold in glass bottles, and the system worked perfectly well. There was nothing wrong with it. Similarly, when I was part of the advertising team for Magnolia Milk, we also used returnable glass bottles, and again, it was an efficient and sustainable system. Back then, Coca-Cola and Magnolia Milk used proprietary glass bottle designs with their logos permanently imprinted on them. However, the trend in many countries today is different. Instead of each company using its own bottle design, many beverage manufacturers now use standard, generic glass bottles. This means that any manufacturer can use the same bottle simply by changing the paper label, making the system even more efficient. Of course, some local manufacturers may not welcome this change, as they might feel they are losing their unique branding. However, they must also recognize the environmental crisis we are facing and make some sacrifices for the greater good. Besides, they can still maintain a distinctive brand identity through their labels and marketing strategies. If such a system were backed by a national law and supported by local ordinances, manufacturers would have no choice but to comply. This shift is not just about corporate responsibility—it is about survival. If we do not take drastic action now, most marine life in our oceans will die, leading to severe consequences for food security and ecological balance. On the brighter side, transitioning to reusable glass bottles could create new job opportunities. The process of collecting, sorting, and cleaning bottles would provide livelihoods for many unemployed individuals, further benefiting society. Germany has successfully implemented a bottle reuse system known as the "Mehrwegsystem" (multi-way system). Consumers purchase beverages in glass bottles and pay a small deposit, which they get back upon returning the bottles to retailers. The bottles are then cleaned, refilled, and put back into circulation, significantly reducing waste. This system has been adopted in other countries, including Denmark, the Netherlands, Mexico, and even parts of Canada and the United States. If other nations can successfully revive the use of reusable glass bottles, why can't we? The Philippines already has a history of using returnable glass bottles, so reintroducing this system should not be difficult. All we need is the political will to implement and enforce it. Recycling plastic is difficult and inefficient. If we truly care about our environment, we must take bold steps now. The time has come to say no to single-use plastics and return to a tried-and-tested solution: reusable glass bottles. Let us act before it is too late. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-10-2025

REVISITING PHILIPPINE BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT TARGETS

REVISITING PHILIPPINE BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT TARGETS Biomedical waste (BMW) treatment remains a critical public health and environmental issue in the Philippines. Despite existing regulations, the lack of publicly available compliance data raises serious concerns. How many hospitals and healthcare facilities comply with biomedical waste treatment laws? Is the compliance rate at 70% perhaps? If so, what happens to the remaining 30% of untreated waste? The Compliance Mystery There appears to be no official reports or accessible databases for the public to verify government and hospital industry compliance with biomedical waste treatment laws. If compliance is less than ideal, where does the untreated waste go? Are there any cases filed against violators? How many have been penalized for non-compliance? The public deserves clear and transparent answers. The Risks of Untreated Biomedical Waste Untreated biomedical waste poses a serious threat to public health. The improper disposal of infectious materials can contribute to the spread of diseases. Is the government fully aware of these risks? If so, how effectively are agencies such as the Department of Health (DOH) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) coordinating to address the problem? Does this issue ever make it to high-level discussions in the Cabinet or the Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC)? Who is Watching the Waste? One key question is whether biomedical waste is being mixed with ordinary garbage, potentially ending up in dumpsites and landfills. Is anyone investigating these practices? If true, it highlights a dangerous loophole in the system. Are Local Government Units (LGUs) adequately equipped to manage biomedical waste? Are they even required to pass their own municipal ordinances regulating BMW treatment? Regulatory Oversight and Industry Accountability The responsibility of monitoring and reporting biomedical waste disposal falls primarily on the DOH, DENR, and LGUs. However, enforcement remains a challenge. Is there third-party oversight to ensure compliance? While environmental groups, advocacy organizations, and the media play a role, there is no single independent watchdog dedicated to biomedical waste management. Strengthening Coordination and Enforcement A more coordinated effort is necessary to ensure proper BMW treatment. Perhaps it is time to appoint a "Biomedical Waste Treatment Czar" to oversee compliance and drive accountability. Additionally, the Philippine Congress should exercise stronger oversight through relevant committees, including the Committee on Health, the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Local Government. New Waste Treatment Technology Developed in India According to India News, “scientists working at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala have developed an indigenous technology that treats biomedical waste using chemicals and converts it into manure. The first prototype has been installed at the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, where the technology will be validated by in-house scientists”. We should instruct our Embassy in New Delhi to get more information about this. A Call for Transparency and Action Biomedical waste management should not be treated as an afterthought. Transparency in compliance data, strict enforcement of regulations, and increased public awareness are essential to safeguarding public health. The government must take decisive action to ensure that no biomedical waste is left untreated, preventing potential health crises before they arise. The time to act is now. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 03-09-2025