LET US BUILD MORE BIO-HOMES

LET US BUILD MORE BIO-HOMES What idea could build more affordable housing, create a market for recycled materials, and enable sustainable living? The answer lies in the rise of Bio-Homes—an innovative solution that merges affordability, sustainability, and smart design. About forty years ago, the buzzword in development circles was "appropriate technologies." Today, that has evolved into the more powerful and comprehensive term "sustainable technologies." While the older term focused on local adaptation, the newer one is part of the broader vision of "sustainable development." Personally, I favor the new term. After all, what’s the use of being "appropriate" if it’s not "sustainable"? A technology that works today but fails tomorrow does little for our future. To start small, I'd already be pleased if we could incorporate recycled materials into housing—even just in part. But I would be even more thrilled if we could go further and integrate renewable, organic materials like bamboo. Fortunately, we’re planting more bamboo than ever. But if we don’t build a market for it, our bamboo bounty may become a burden, disappointing the very farmers we encouraged. But wait, there's more! Bio-Homes don’t just stop at green construction materials. They also include other environment-friendly technologies like solar panels, wind turbines, and biogas digesters. They even integrate systems like aquaponics, aeroponics, and classic agriculture, bringing food security right into our homes. Design-wise, these homes support energy efficiency—not only through technology but through architecture itself. With natural ventilation and smart orientation, they reduce dependence on air conditioning. This means energy security, food security, and even climate security—all in one home. Take the issue of glass waste. Previously, glass bottles posed a recycling dilemma—especially non-uniform, single-use ones. Now, with Bio-Homes, bottles of any size or color can be used in "glass walls." Even broken glass can be ground into sand and mixed with concrete or hollow blocks. So, what do we get? People who build these homes not only save on construction by using recycled materials, but they also slash water and energy bills. Rainwater can be collected from rooftops. Water from nearby sources can be boiled or filtered using low-cost energy. Cooking can be powered by biogas or solar stoves. Residents can raise poultry and livestock to produce the manure needed for their digesters. To bring this to life in the Philippines, a Technical Working Group (TWG) should be formed. It could include the DHSUD, DPWH, DOST, FPRDI, DTI, and the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP). Top architecture schools should also be involved. Companies like Envirotech Waste Recycling, Restore Company, and Trident are already creating building materials from waste. Others like Vantastic, Smarthouse Philippines, and Vazbuilt are repurposing container vans for prefab homes—ideal foundations for Bio-Homes. A bio-home minimizes environmental impact and promotes eco-living. These houses use biodegradable or recyclable materials such as wood, clay, cork, and natural stone. They emphasize energy efficiency (via solar panels and insulation), local sourcing, and eco-friendly design. Worldwide, the movement is gaining momentum: · Sweden is building a "Wood City" using timber. · In Africa, the Burj Zanzibar is rising as the tallest timber building. · The UN Environment Programme is pushing for bio-based construction. The Philippines is ripe for this. With our tropical climate and natural resources, bamboo construction is a no-brainer. Bamboo grows quickly, is earthquake-resistant, and blends beautifully with nature. It can be used for frames, floors, furniture, and even insulation. Plus, community collaboration around bamboo construction could spark jobs and pride. Old rubber tires? They can be turned into crumb rubber concrete, waterproofing materials, or mixed into earthworks. They improve insulation and make homes more resilient. Used glass bottles? Perfect for decorative, insulating bottle walls. Benefits include sustainability, thermal insulation, natural lighting, and affordability. Local projects can teach people how to safely and creatively use bottles in construction. There are global precedents: · Earthships, started by Michael Reynolds, use recycled materials in tropical climates. · The Bottle School Project in Guatemala builds classrooms with waste. · In Canada, a glass bottle house became a tourist attraction. How do we make this happen? We need: · Crowdfunding to rally public support. · Partnerships with NGOs and eco-conscious companies. · Government incentives for environmental construction. · Community engagement through workshops and volunteer build-days. Top architecture schools like UST, Enderun, UE, Adamson, and UP should be engaged to innovate and educate. In sum, Bio-Homes aren’t just homes—they’re a lifestyle revolution. They’re affordable, beautiful, eco-friendly, and practical. Let's lead the way in building a future that’s not just appropriate, but truly sustainable. Let us build more Bio-Homes—because the future of housing should be as green as the land it stands on. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 06-01-2025

DOUBLE RALLY AND DOUBLE WHAMMY

DOUBLE RALLY AND DOUBLE WHAMMY U.S. President Donald Trump’s trade policies—particularly his imposition of tariffs on a wide range of imports—have long stirred global debate. For some, they are a strategic lever for protecting domestic industries. For others, they are a disruptive force in the fragile ecosystem of international trade. But one thing is clear: these tariffs are a double-edged sword, especially for countries like the Philippines. For us, these policies could go either way. It could be bad if our exports become less competitive due to higher duties, but it could also be good—if we are able to take advantage of gaps left by other countries hit harder by U.S. tariffs. In other words, we need to look at both sides of the same coin. Take coffee, for example. Imagine a scenario where another coffee-exporting country faces higher U.S. tariffs and at the same time suffers from climate change impacts—droughts, erratic rainfall, and declining yields. That’s a double whammy: one blow from policy, another from nature. Now imagine if the Philippines, blessed with better growing conditions and lower tariffs, can step in to fill that supply gap. That’s our chance for a double rally—a boost in production and a boom in exports. But we cannot rely on luck or weather alone. We need a plan. A real strategy. I propose the creation of a Technical Working Group (TWG) tasked to analyze and navigate the intersection of global tariff changes and climate impacts. This TWG should include the Presidential Management Staff (PMS), NEDA, PSA, DA, DENR, DTI, DOST, DICT, DFA, and the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI). Let’s be clear: the PMS has long been the President’s primary think tank, and historically, it worked closely with the Presidential Economic Staff (PES) and the National Computer Center (NCC). During the time of former President Ferdinand Marcos Sr., this triumvirate laid the groundwork for planning and decision-making. The PMS did political analysis, the PES did economic forecasting, and the NCC built the software systems. Now, the PES has evolved into NEDA, and the NCC has become the DICT. It’s high time we reunite this trio, this time powered by artificial intelligence. We can use AI to predict where climate change will hit hardest, where tariffs create opportunities, and what products we should focus on exporting. It’s not about planting whatever we want, whenever we want, wherever we want. It’s about strategic, data-driven farming. What to plant. Where to plant. When to plant. All aligned with global demand and harvest cycles. This is why I included the DENR in the TWG—to explore converting vacant mountains into food forests, capable of producing goods that other nations may no longer grow due to climate stress. I also included the DTI and DFA, because now is the time to pursue economic diplomacy with a clear focus on comparative advantage and competitive advantage. We must help exporters adapt and plan based on this shifting global terrain. Moreover, DOST and DICT must play a vital role in embedding science, technology, and AI into our export strategies. Let’s also stop exporting raw materials we can already process ourselves. Value-added exports must be our path forward. And what of the industries in other countries that are now suffering from this double whammy? Perhaps we can even invite their factories to relocate here, especially if we offer lower tariffs and better conditions. This, too, should be studied by the TWG. Our success in this evolving global order doesn’t require us to win in everything—we just need to win in areas where we have the edge and strategically concede where we don’t. In conclusion, this is not just about trade. It’s about survival and strategy. If we don’t act, we will be the ones suffering both the double whammy and the double rally—but in reverse. The time to act is now. Let’s not let this rare opportunity pass. And one more thing: include the private sector, especially economic thinkers from the PCCI, so our strategies are grounded not just in theory, but in real business sense. Because in the end, it’s not about avoiding the storm—it’s about learning to sail with the winds of change. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-31-2025

ROAD RAGE AND GUN LAWS

ROAD RAGE AND GUN LAWS There’s something about being behind the wheel that seems to unlock the worst in some people. Add a weapon into the mix, and you’ve got a dangerous cocktail of stress, entitlement, and rage. The intersection of road rage and gun laws is not just a matter of policy—it’s a matter of life and death. Studies consistently show that humans are more prone to aggression when they are in possession of a firearm than when they are unarmed. It's not hard to see why. Firearms, even when holstered, instill a sense of power. At the very least, they give their carriers an added layer of confidence—perhaps even false courage. And when that confidence meets a moment of anger, the result can be tragic. But let’s be clear: it doesn’t have to be a gun. Road rage can turn lethal with something as mundane as a baseball bat, a golf club, or a hammer. These items can easily be kept in a car under the convenient excuse of being a sportsman or a handyman. “I just came from practice,” or “I have a house repair to do” are all-too-easy justifications. In fairness, most people who keep such items in their vehicles likely do so for self-defense, not with the intent to attack. But rage is rage—and anger is the fuel that sets it ablaze. Whether it's road rage or any other type of confrontation, the impulse to lash out often happens in a split second. And that’s the problem: many of the people who fire a gun in a moment of fury didn’t plan to. They just snapped. This brings us to the laws surrounding firearm ownership and carrying rights in the Philippines. Many don't realize that having a License to Own and Possess Firearms (LTOPF) is not the same as having a Permit to Carry Firearms Outside of Residence (PTCFOR). The former allows one to legally own a firearm and keep it at home. The latter allows one to bring it outside. That’s a crucial distinction. Some might argue, “But isn’t my car an extension of my home?” While that legal fiction may exist in other countries, it does not apply here. The law is explicit: unless you have a PTCFOR, transporting a firearm in your car is illegal. Exceptions are made for on-duty law enforcement officers and military personnel, but civilians must comply strictly with these rules. And this is where the real issue lies—not in the right to own firearms, which the law already allows, but in the ability to carry them beyond one’s residence. Should we be allowing civilians to carry deadly weapons on the streets at all? So, what should we do? One solution is to be stricter in the issuance of the PTCFOR. Make it harder to get. Demand more accountability. Another, more controversial solution is to prohibit the carrying of firearms outside residences altogether for civilians. It's a hard pill to swallow, but maybe it's time we think about it seriously. Now, to be very clear: I am not advocating for a gun ban. Responsible citizens who qualify should still be allowed to own firearms through the LTOPF system. What I am proposing is a congressional review of the legal basis for the PTCFOR. Let lawmakers debate this. Let them weigh public safety against personal defense. Let’s find out if the privilege of carrying firearms outside the home still serves the common good. Meanwhile, what do we do about the road rage problem itself? Should we require psychological evaluations for all drivers renewing their licenses? Should anger management programs be mandatory for those caught in road rage incidents? Should road rage be considered a moving violation that affects a driver’s insurance premiums? These aren’t just rhetorical questions—they’re policy ideas that deserve serious consideration. I suggest that the government commission a dedicated Technical Working Group (TWG) to study this issue. Let it be composed of experts from the Department of Transportation (DOTr), Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), Department of Health (DOH), the UP National Center for Transportation Studies (NCTS), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and the Philippine Mental Health Association (PMHA). Road rage is not just a traffic problem—it’s a public health and safety issue. At the end of the day, this is about keeping our streets safer—for our families, our children, and ourselves. Guns and cars don’t mix well, especially when tempers flare. Let’s stop pretending otherwise. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-30-2025

HIGHER STANDARDS FOR PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS

HIGHER STANDARDS FOR PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS Surely, there are many contributors to road safety—road design, vehicle condition, traffic signs, enforcement of laws—but I am certain that one of the most important is having responsible and law-abiding drivers behind the wheel. While it may be difficult to impose higher standards across the board for all drivers, there is room—and reason—to set stricter requirements for one category in particular: professional drivers. Now, I’m not sure if there’s an official legal definition of what I mean, but for the sake of this essay, let me define “professional drivers” as those who drive vehicles for a living. That would include drivers of public transport vehicles like buses, jeepneys, taxis, shuttles, and even tricycles. It would also include drivers of school buses, ambulances, delivery vans, cargo trucks, and even private vehicles used for public services. In other words, anyone who isn’t just driving for personal errands or leisure. Given that these individuals operate vehicles daily, often for long hours, and are responsible for transporting passengers or goods, shouldn't they meet higher standards? Although it’s true that road accidents aren't solely due to poor road infrastructure or missing signs, it's also fair to say that better-trained and properly screened professional drivers would be more likely to obey traffic rules and avoid dangerous behavior. For instance, stricter screening of applicants for professional driver’s licenses could help weed out individuals with criminal records or a history of drug use. Urban legend or not, there’s plenty of chatter about drivers using prohibited drugs to stay awake during long hauls. If true, this isn’t just a health concern—it’s a public safety hazard. The concern rises exponentially when we talk about drivers handling hazardous materials (HAZMAT). In their hands, a traffic violation could lead to a full-blown disaster—loss of lives, property damage, environmental harm, even the possibility of terrorism. For these drivers, it’s not just about driving skills. They must also pass stringent security checks and advanced training programs. And what about long hours? The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) should implement and enforce rules limiting driving hours. A tired driver is a dangerous driver. Fatigue is just as much a risk as speeding or texting while driving. Training is another big piece of the puzzle. TESDA already offers driving courses, but I believe we need third-party certifiers who can independently verify skills and knowledge. Professionalism in this context should mean something measurable. The Department of Transportation (DOTr), through the Land Transportation Office (LTO), should also modernize its systems. Biometric verification—such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning—should be used during license testing to prevent impersonation and corruption. We’ve heard too many stories of licenses issued to unqualified applicants through “fixers.” This must stop. Is there a way to track the safety records of professional drivers? Do we have a central database that lists moving violations or crash histories linked to specific license holders? If not, we should. Employers should also contribute to this effort by sharing internal safety performance data, such as speeding incidents or customer complaints. A transparent system that rewards safe driving and flags repeat offenders would encourage more responsible behavior. Across the world, other countries are already setting examples. In the United States, the Department of Transportation mandates random, post-accident, and suspicion-based drug testing for commercial drivers. Australia actively conducts random roadside drug testing using saliva tests. In both countries, penalties are harsh—and road safety statistics reflect the impact of these policies. In the Philippines, mandatory drug testing is required when applying for or renewing a professional license, but what about in between? Shouldn't there be periodic or random checks? Especially for those transporting people or dangerous goods? Implementing higher standards doesn’t just improve road safety. It also raises the quality of our transportation services, improves public trust, and creates a culture of accountability. So, what can be done? Here are a few suggestions: Stricter licensing with comprehensive testing and periodic re-certification. Advanced training programs in defensive driving, customer service, and emergency response. Medical and psychological screening, especially for signs of fatigue and substance abuse. Use of in-vehicle technology to monitor driving behavior in real-time. Centralized safety records to track violations and commend safe drivers. Cross-agency coordination, involving the DOTr, LTO, DOLE, TESDA, DOST, and law enforcement. We cannot change every driver overnight. But we can raise the bar for those whose jobs give them control over the safety of others. Higher standards for professional drivers are not just a dream—they’re a necessity. Let’s steer this in the right direction. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-29-2025

TAPPING THE GLOBAL CHOCOLATES MARKET

TAPPING THE GLOBAL CHOCOLATES MARKET It is an old story that has been told repeatedly: Switzerland does not grow cacao, yet it is the leading manufacturer and exporter of chocolate products. Some might argue that Switzerland is a major producer of cow’s milk, making it easy for them to import cacao and mix it with their own milk production. But by that logic, the Philippines—being a major producer of cacao—could have simply imported milk to manufacture its own globally competitive chocolate products. Yet, we have not. The truth is, we have been importing most of our milk over the years—about 99% of it, according to data. In other words, the Philippines has access to both cacao and milk, but it is still not a major player in chocolate production. Why is that? To be fair, the local chocolate industry is small but growing. Perhaps it is not yet big enough to be globally competitive, but the growth is promising. So, where do we go from here? I believe I know the direction we should take. Two Filipino farmer-entrepreneurs, Chris Fadriga and Filipa Madora, have passionately cultivated the Criollo cacao variety, a premium strain said to have been brought to the Philippines through the galleon trade. Without their efforts, this valuable strain might have disappeared entirely. The global chocolate market is worth approximately $120 billion. How much of that market can the Philippines tap into? The United States alone generates about $24 billion in domestic chocolate sales. Furthermore, the U.S. imports around $8.25 billion worth of cacao and cocoa preparations per year. Yet, out of this massive volume, the Philippines only exports about $22 million in cacao and cocoa preparations to the U.S.—a mere drop in the bucket. Can we increase our cacao or chocolate exports to the United States? The answer is a resounding yes. But ideally, we should focus on exporting finished chocolate products rather than just raw cacao. That should be our goal. The key to the Philippines’ success in the global chocolate market lies in the Criollo cacao strain. It is not just an ordinary cacao crop—it is the premium, top-tier variety. Currently, private businessmen like Ramon Uy Sr. of Bacolod City are actively promoting the cultivation of the Criollo strain. However, it is time for the government to step in and support this initiative. Mr. Uy supports the idea of planting cacao trees in forests as part of reforestation, a concept I have previously advocated for coffee trees. Imagine thousands of coffee and cacao trees thriving in our forests. Such an initiative would not only contribute to food security but also promote environmental sustainability. Among its many benefits, it could prevent soil erosion and provide livelihood opportunities for Indigenous Tribal Peoples (ITPs), as Mr. Uy has already demonstrated in Negros Island. Which government agencies should take part in this endeavor? I propose forming a task force or a Technical Working Group (TWG) composed of the Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Switzerland may have perfected the art of chocolate-making, but there is no reason why the Philippines cannot carve out its own niche in the global chocolate market. We have the raw materials, the expertise, and the passion. With the right support and strategic direction, Filipino-made chocolates could soon become a global sensation. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-28-2025

POVERTY ALLEVIATION VERSUS POVERTY REDUCTION: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

POVERTY ALLEVIATION VERSUS POVERTY REDUCTION: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? Since I could not find any documents that officially differentiate poverty alleviation from poverty reduction, please allow me to offer my own differentiation as I see it. Sad to say, there are some government officials who do not appreciate the difference between the two. As for me, poverty alleviation is like a band-aid solution or a painkiller—it provides temporary relief but does not remove a person from the poverty line. On the other hand, poverty reduction is like a surgical operation that removes the tumor or cancer—it effectively lifts a person out of the poverty line. In other words, poverty alleviation programs help ease the pain of poverty among the poor, but they do not enable them to rise above the poverty line. To a limited extent, I agree that improving the delivery of public services can help people save money and ease the burden of poverty, but it still does not free them from it. The traditional method of measuring poverty is through household income. The test is to compute whether a household can afford to buy everything inside an “imaginary basket of goods” using their total earnings. If they cannot afford to buy everything in the basket, they are considered poor because they have “fallen” below the poverty line. An alternative approach is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), a new metric that measures whether a household has access to health services, educational services, and certain standards of living. Under the MPI method, “not having access” is the same as “being deprived.” The MPI method measures the outcome of having or not having access. For example: · Not having access to health services could mean a very high mortality rate as an outcome. · Not having access to educational services could mean a very high illiteracy rate as an outcome. · Not having access to certain basic services could mean having a very low standard of living as an outcome. Is it possible for a mayor to introduce poverty reduction programs? Yes, if it means reducing the poverty rate. There are only two ways to reduce the poverty rate: one is to reduce the unemployment rate, and the other is to increase the number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Both can be achieved through livelihood programs sponsored by Local Government Units (LGUs). Food distribution programs and medical missions are good measures to support poverty alleviation, but what we truly need are livelihood programs that enable people to earn more income and be liberated from the poverty line. Understanding Poverty Alleviation and Poverty Reduction Poverty alleviation refers to efforts and strategies aimed at reducing economic hardships and improving the quality of life for people experiencing poverty. These efforts can take various forms, including: · Economic Development: Creating jobs, supporting entrepreneurship, and fostering economic growth in underdeveloped areas. · Social Services: Providing access to essential services like healthcare, education, housing, and clean water. · Empowerment Programs: Supporting marginalized groups through skills training, access to credit, and livelihood programs. The goal is not just to increase income levels but also to ensure that individuals and communities can live with dignity and access opportunities for sustainable improvement. Poverty reduction, on the other hand, is a broader concept focused on implementing strategies and policies that decrease poverty levels in a community, country, or globally. It involves creating conditions where individuals and families can rise above the poverty line and access sustainable resources and opportunities. The Future of Poverty Reduction in the Philippines The Philippines has seen several notable poverty reduction initiatives that have made a significant impact: 1. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): This program has helped millions of Filipino families improve access to education, healthcare, and nutrition. 2. Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP): Launched in 2011, this program has provided employment opportunities and supported vulnerable households in transitioning to sustainable livelihoods. 3. KALAHI-CIDSS: This community-driven development program empowers local communities to identify and implement projects that address poverty and improve living conditions. These initiatives highlight the importance of combining government efforts, community participation, and international support to achieve meaningful poverty reduction. What we need is not just short-term poverty alleviation but long-term, sustainable poverty reduction that empowers individuals and communities to thrive beyond the poverty line. But the challenge remains: will our leaders and policymakers focus more on poverty alleviation or shift toward true poverty reduction? The answer to this question will determine the future of millions of Filipinos struggling to break free from the cycle of poverty. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-27-2025

ALTERNATIVE TENURIAL LANDS FOR INDIGENOUS TRIBAL PEOPLES

ALTERNATIVE TENURIAL LANDS FOR INDIGENOUS TRIBAL PEOPLES The Indigenous People’s Republic Act (IPRA) stands as a landmark law, providing the legal foundation for Indigenous Tribal Peoples (ITPs) to claim ancestral lands through the Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT). However, while the law is sound in principle, the reality is that many ITPs struggle to secure these land titles, leaving them without tenurial rights over the lands they have occupied for generations. In some cases, applications for CADTs are denied, leaving ITPs in a state of limbo—without legal ownership or security over their homes and resources. This precarious situation calls for an alternative solution, and perhaps local government units (LGUs) can take the lead in facilitating alternative tenurial land applications for ITPs through other legal means. One potential pathway is through the Integrated Forest Management Agreement (IFMA) or the Indigenous Community Conserved Areas (ICCA) program. Since any entity can apply for these programs—why not assist ITPs in obtaining these tenurial rights as well, even if temporary? The security provided by these arrangements, even for a defined period, would allow indigenous communities to engage in productive activities and establish sustainable livelihoods, while they are waiting for their CADTs to be approved. In many cases, ITPs already reside in coastal or mountainous regions. Would it not be reasonable to officially grant them legal rights to these lands, using other instruments? Aside from IFMA, there are other programs such as the Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA), the Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement (SIFMA), and the Special Forest Land Use Agreement (FLAg) that could be leveraged to provide security to ITPs. LGUs should take the lead in these initiatives by organizing joint efforts with their Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representatives (IPMRs). As de facto members of Municipal Development Councils (MDCs), IPMRs have a direct line to local governance and can ensure these issues are included in policy discussions—provided the mayor prioritizes them. If these ideas were put into action, ITPs could actively contribute to sustainable development through reforestation projects and coastal restoration initiatives. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), alongside their local offices (PENROs and MENROs), should make this a priority. Furthermore, this could evolve into a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, where LGUs work with private entities to fund and implement these initiatives. The Integrated Forest Management Agreement (IFMA) already provides a structure for sustainable land use. The Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) enables local communities to manage forests while maintaining environmental sustainability. The ICCA program, which focuses on biodiversity conservation through indigenous governance, is another viable option for securing land tenure for ITPs. With proper implementation, these programs could provide ITPs with much-needed legal security over the lands they occupy while allowing them to contribute to conservation and sustainable development efforts. The challenge lies in organizing and facilitating access to these programs—but with proactive LGUs, this vision can become a reality. It would be good to know if the National Commission for Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) could also weigh in on this idea. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-26-2025

LOCAL VICTORIES IN THE WAR AGAINST POVERTY

LOCAL VICTORIES IN THE WAR AGAINST POVERTY Poverty is a complex issue, and gathering reliable data to measure and address it remains a challenge. Nationwide poverty data is best collected through a full-scale census, but such an undertaking takes years to complete. In the absence of frequent censuses, the government relies on surveys such as the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) and the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) to obtain up-to-date poverty statistics. Despite the limitations of survey methods, FIES and CBMS provide valuable data that is as accurate and timely as possible. The CBMS, initially an NGO project led by Dr. Celia M. Reyes and supported by De La Salle University, was institutionalized by law and placed under the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Having had the honor of meeting Dr. Reyes, I can personally vouch for the quality of her work and the effectiveness of CBMS in measuring poverty at the local level. Local Government Units (LGUs) should maximize the benefits of FIES and CBMS in crafting their own poverty reduction programs. The cost of utilizing these tools is reasonable, and given their importance, all LGUs should be able to afford them. While reducing poverty at the national level remains a formidable task, LGUs can make a real impact at the local level by targeting key areas of deprivation. Using the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) as a framework, LGUs can improve health, education, and living standards in their communities. By implementing programs that support universal healthcare, LGUs can lower mortality rates in their municipalities and cities. They can also leverage the resources of the Department of Education (DepEd), the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to expand access to free education. Improving standards of living is another crucial aspect. LGUs can initiate home improvement programs to ensure that households have adequate flooring, walls, and roofs. Assistance in acquiring stoves and essential appliances could further enhance quality of life for many families. While income remains an important factor, poverty should not be measured solely by earnings. The MPI approach highlights deprivation in essential services and living conditions as a core indicator of poverty. Ultimately, increasing household income through livelihood programs can drive significant reductions in poverty rates. When individuals and families have the means to support themselves, their overall living conditions improve. Therefore, even if poverty reduction at the national level proves challenging, consistent success at the local level can create a cumulative effect, gradually influencing the national poverty rate. It is not difficult to notice that livelihood programs both at the national level and the local level are fragmented and disconnected. Based on my own experience of working on livelihood programs, there is a need to coordinate its four main components namely training, financing, packaging and marketing. There are thousands of livelihood products out there that are underfinanced, mispackaged and wrongly positioned. The battle against poverty does not have to be waged solely by the national government. LGUs have the power to make real, measurable progress. With targeted programs, accurate data, and dedicated leadership, local governments can achieve meaningful victories in the war against poverty—one community at a time. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-25-2025

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING MICROPLASTICS

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING MICROPLASTICS Several government agencies in the Philippines are involved in monitoring and controlling the problem of microplastics. While each agency fulfills its respective mandate, there appears to be no centralized body that coordinates all efforts. This lack of a unified approach raises concerns about the efficiency and effectiveness of the country's response to microplastic pollution. A proper strategy for tackling microplastics should involve estimating their volume in gross tonnage and setting a target timeline for their removal, even as new microplastics continue to enter the environment. Without a concrete numerical target, it will be difficult to assess the success or failure of such initiatives. But how exactly is the incidence of microplastics measured? Should we focus on the total volume of plastics released into the environment, or only on the fraction that degrades into microplastics? More importantly, should microplastic management be implemented at the local government unit (LGU) level? Perhaps all LGUs should be challenged to conduct their own microplastics removal programs, with performance benchmarks that allow for comparison. Quezon City, for example, has taken a proactive approach by banning single-use plastic packaging, including shopping bags. If more LGUs followed suit, we could see a significant reduction in plastic pollution nationwide. A possible solution to the lack of centralized coordination is expanding the role of the National Plastic Action Partnership (NPAP). As a multisectoral body, the NPAP could take the lead in organizing and integrating efforts to combat microplastics. It could be strengthened by including other agencies such as the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department of Health (DOH), the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP), and the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) should also be involved due to its oversight of consumer and industrial waste. The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) must play a role because solid waste management is ultimately a local responsibility. Beyond governance, it is essential to study where microplastics are coming from. For instance, microplastics can be generated from the friction of rubber tires on roads. This suggests that the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) should also be part of the discussion. The Philippines has already taken several steps toward addressing plastic pollution, with multiple LGUs banning single-use plastics. The NPAP, supported by the World Economic Forum (WEF), is working on transitioning to a circular economy where waste is minimized, and resources are reused. However, is the government doing enough? Should companies receive more tax incentives for investing in plastic waste reduction programs? Is there a national database monitoring the extent of microplastic pollution? These are crucial questions that need to be addressed if the country is to develop an effective and coordinated response to this growing environmental problem. Addressing microplastic pollution requires a holistic, multi-agency effort, clear numerical goals, and active participation from both national and local governments. If we do not act decisively, the accumulation of microplastics will continue to threaten our environment, our health, and future generations. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-24-2025

TOWARDS AN OFFICIAL DEFINITION OF THE HOMELESS RATE

TOWARDS AN OFFICIAL DEFINITION OF THE HOMELESS RATE How can we compute the homeless rate if we don't even have an official definition of what it means to be homeless? This fundamental question needs to be answered before we can accurately measure and address the issue of homelessness in the Philippines. Contrary to popular belief, homelessness is not solely about home ownership. If we define homelessness based on whether a person owns a home, the homeless rate would be disproportionately high. Many people live in rental homes, boarding houses, or shared accommodations. Excluding them from the count simply because they do not own their living space would lead to flawed data. Take, for instance, the village where I live. Our homeowners' association welcomes not just owners but also renters and other types of residents. This inclusive definition recognizes that having a stable place to live is more important than ownership status. Similarly, the official definition of homelessness should consider whether people have a safe and stable place to sleep at night. A Broader Perspective on Homelessness In many developed countries, being “homeless” is defined as having “no place to sleep at night”. This is why homeless shelters are essential. However, in a developing country like the Philippines, we need to consider not only the presence of a shelter but also its quality. A reasonable standard for determining homelessness could be derived from the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which measures three dimensions of deprivation: health, education, and standard of living. Under the standard of living dimension, the MPI evaluates access to: Cooking fuel Sanitation facilities Safe drinking water Durable housing materials (walls, roof, and floor) Basic assets like a refrigerator, radio, or bicycle If a person’s shelter lacks these essentials, it should raise concerns. A poorly constructed shanty without sanitation, clean water, or solid flooring cannot be classified as a suitable living space. Therefore, people living in such conditions may not only be considered multidimensionally poor but also effectively homeless. Linking Poverty and Homelessness It is evident that poverty and homelessness are deeply interconnected. Those who are poor are more likely to experience inadequate living conditions, and those without proper housing often lack access to sanitation and water. Recognizing this overlap can help policymakers develop targeted solutions. While building permanent homes for every homeless person may not be immediately feasible, interim measures can make a difference. Expanding the construction of government-funded dormitories, boarding houses, and rental housing can provide affordable options for people transitioning out of homelessness. Establishing more shelters and temporary housing facilities, managed by local governments or charities, can also offer relief to those in need. Policy and Community Action Is the government doing enough to address homelessness in the long term, or are we merely relying on short-term palliative measures? Are there sufficient tax incentives for companies that contribute to housing projects for the homeless? These are questions worth asking. Furthermore, it is essential for local government units (LGUs) to maintain a comprehensive database of homeless individuals. A well-maintained registry can improve resource allocation and facilitate the delivery of support services. Looking Forward It is time for policymakers to take a broader view of homelessness. Beyond the lack of shelter, we should consider the quality of living conditions. By adopting a multidimensional approach, we can create a more accurate and inclusive definition of homelessness. Solving the homelessness crisis will require collaboration among various sectors — from government agencies to private companies and non-governmental organizations. Through coordinated efforts, we can ensure that every Filipino has not just a roof over their head, but a safe and dignified place to call home. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-23-2025

GROWING HIGH-VALUE GROUPERS IN BRACKISH PONDS

GROWING HIGH-VALUE GROUPERS IN BRACKISH PONDS Of course, it makes sense to grow tilapia in fishponds, considering they sell for about ₱43 to ₱271 per kilo. But why grow tilapia when you can grow milkfish, which fetches around ₱150 to ₱250 per kilo? Now, if you are leaning towards milkfish, let me pose a follow-up question: Why grow milkfish when you could grow Lapu-Lapu (grouper) that sells for a premium price of around ₱800 to ₱1,395 per kilo? Lapu-Lapu is not only in demand locally but is also a sought-after delicacy in international markets like Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and Singapore. The prospect of fishermen transitioning into fish farmers cultivating and exporting Lapu-Lapu could be a significant boost to the local aquaculture sector and the economy. Forming Cooperatives for Cost Management One major downside of Lapu-Lapu farming is the high cost of investment. However, this challenge can be mitigated if fish farmers form cooperatives. Pooling resources can reduce financial burdens through collective purchasing of equipment, feeds, and other supplies. Additionally, the premium prices Lapu-Lapu commands can quickly recover these initial investments, making the venture profitable in the long term. Diversified Farming Approach While Lapu-Lapu holds significant earning potential, it would still be practical to grow tilapia and milkfish on the same farm, but in separate ponds. These species have distinct feeding requirements, making it impractical to mix them. However, one unique advantage of Lapu-Lapu farming is that it feeds on trash fish, including unsellable tilapia and milkfish, thus reducing waste and enhancing profitability. Sustainable Aquaculture and Mangrove Restoration Since Lapu-Lapu, tilapia, and milkfish all thrive in brackish water, fishponds located near mangrove forests are ideal. Unlike past practices where mangroves were cleared for aquaculture, today’s sustainable approach encourages integrating fishponds with existing mangroves. These ecosystems provide natural nurseries for fish and support biodiversity. The new normal should involve restoring and replanting mangroves as a part of aquaculture development. This enhances coastal resilience, provides habitats for various marine species, and strengthens the overall ecological balance. Collaborative Efforts for Growth For this vision to materialize, stronger coordination among government agencies is crucial. The Department of Agriculture (DA), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) should work together to provide training, funding, and technical support. Moreover, the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) can facilitate the formation of fish farming cooperatives, while the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) can encourage state universities and colleges to conduct research and provide knowledge transfer to local fish farmers. Honoring Lapu-Lapu Some argue that naming a fish after our national hero Lapu-Lapu diminishes his legacy. On the contrary, naming a great fish after a great hero is a mark of respect. More importantly, we have honored his memory by naming a bustling city in Cebu after him, ensuring his legacy remains a significant part of our history. Growing high-value groupers in brackish ponds presents a transformative opportunity for the Philippines. By empowering fish farmers through cooperative models, restoring mangroves, and fostering collaborative governance, we can enhance our export capabilities, create jobs, and contribute to food security. The question now is, are we ready to dive into the promising waters of Lapu-Lapu farming? Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-22-2025

PROS AND CONS OF RUBBERIZED ASPHALT ROADS

PROS AND CONS OF RUBBERIZED ASPHALT ROADS Rubberized asphalt roads (RARs) are increasingly gaining attention as an innovative and sustainable solution for road construction. By incorporating recycled tire powders into asphalt mixtures, RARs offer significant benefits. However, like any technological advancement, there are challenges to consider. The Environmental Upside One of the most notable advantages of RARs is their positive environmental impact. By recycling used rubber tires, we reduce the number of tires that end up in landfills. Considering that tires can take hundreds of years to decompose, this form of recycling is a meaningful step toward waste management. In addition to waste reduction, using rubberized asphalt also mitigates the environmental damage caused by mining limestone for cement. Cement production contributes significantly to carbon emissions, whereas RARs minimize the reliance on virgin materials. Addressing the Microplastics Concern On the downside, the friction between tires and RAR surfaces generates microplastics, which can escape into the environment. However, it is important to acknowledge that microplastic pollution from tires is already a problem, even on conventional asphalt roads. RARs may not necessarily exacerbate this issue beyond what already exists. Some may argue that microplastics are a persistent issue caused by numerous sources, including textiles and single-use plastics. Tackling microplastics requires a comprehensive approach, and road surface materials are just one factor to consider. Mosquito Control and Public Health Unused tires left in landfills or discarded improperly create ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes, leading to the spread of diseases like dengue. By repurposing these tires for RARs, we not only reduce landfill waste but also mitigate the risk of mosquito-borne illnesses. Exploring Additional Uses for Recycled Tires While RARs are a beneficial use of recycled tires, further research into alternative applications could be advantageous. For instance, powdered rubber can be incorporated into building materials for socialized housing projects. Flooring and roofing materials made from recycled rubber could provide cost-effective and durable options for low-income communities. Vehicle and Road Safety Benefits RARs offer smoother and quieter roads, reducing noise pollution for nearby communities. Furthermore, rubberized asphalt has enhanced durability and better skid resistance, resulting in fewer accidents and lower vehicle maintenance costs. Improved traction and visibility, particularly in wet conditions, contribute to safer driving experiences. Who Should Lead the Research? Given the potential advantages and disadvantages of RARs, comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate their long-term effects. Government agencies such as the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and academic institutions can collaborate to conduct these studies. Partnerships with the private sector, particularly tire manufacturers and construction companies, can further enhance the research efforts. A Solution for Farm-to-Market Roads RARs could provide a cost-effective alternative for constructing farm-to-market roads in rural areas. Since the Philippines has an abundance of used rubber tires, this approach could offer a sustainable and accessible means of improving rural infrastructure. This would enhance agricultural productivity and provide easier access to markets for farmers. Preserving Natural Resources While the global supply of limestone is finite, the supply of used rubber tires is virtually unlimited. Making the shift to RARs can significantly reduce the demand for limestone extraction, thus preserving natural landscapes and reducing environmental damage. Final Thoughts Balancing the pros and cons of rubberized asphalt roads requires careful consideration. As the world seeks sustainable infrastructure solutions, RARs present a promising path forward. With coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, and research institutions, we can explore how best to leverage this technology while addressing its challenges. Perhaps, with the right studies and innovations, the Philippine roadways could pave the way for a greener and safer future. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-21-2025

REVIVAL OF THE ABACA INDUSTRY

REVIVAL OF THE ABACA INDUSTRY The decline of the abaca industry in the Philippines is a matter of national concern. Despite the country remaining the world’s leading producer, supplying about 87.5% of global abaca fiber needs, challenges have stifled production growth. In 2021, the Philippines produced 62,404 metric tons of abaca fiber, and while projections suggest a 2% annual growth until 2028, this remains insufficient to meet global demand. The estimated global demand for abaca fiber stands at 80,000 metric tons annually, but local production falls short, resulting in a supply gap of approximately 18,000 to 25,000 metric tons. This gap could widen further as industries increasingly shift from synthetic to organic materials, given abaca's eco-friendly properties. It is imperative to bridge this gap through innovative solutions and strategic government support. Leveraging Science and Technology Admittedly, addressing the supply gap is no simple task. Natural disasters and diseases, notably the abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV) and the mosaic virus, continue to devastate plantations. However, scientific advancements offer promising solutions. In China, for instance, drones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are being deployed to combat agricultural pests and diseases. These drones can detect threats using motion or heat sensors and deliver targeted treatments. Such technologies are within reach in the Philippines. With better coordination and organization, government agencies like the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and the Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (PhilFIDA) can spearhead their adoption. Supporting State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in conducting research and field trials will further enhance disease detection and mitigation. Regional Support and Collaboration Given that the Bicol and Davao Regions are the country’s primary abaca producers, the national government must channel resources to bolster local abaca programs. Enhanced research funding, technical assistance, and farmer training programs can greatly reduce the impact of diseases and improve productivity. Moreover, local government units (LGUs) should play an active role in monitoring and supporting abaca farmers. Establishing regional task forces that include stakeholders from government agencies, research institutions, and the private sector can ensure effective implementation of disease management strategies. A Personal Reflection This cause is not just a policy concern for me; it is deeply personal. Six decades ago, the mosaic virus wiped out my father’s abaca plantation in the Davao region. At that time, the government had no adequate response to mitigate the outbreak. Today, with access to modern technology and expertise, we have an opportunity to prevent history from repeating itself. I am committed to supporting efforts that will eradicate the virus and protect the livelihoods of abaca farmers. Economic Potential and National Responsibility On the upside, the Philippines has a significant advantage in the global abaca market. This is an industry where we can lead and dominate. But we must act decisively to protect it. Coordinating all the players—from PhilFIDA to the Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI), alongside industry partners—is crucial. Furthermore, the government should view the supply shortage as an opportunity rather than a burden. Agricultural exports like abaca can generate substantial revenue, not only from fiber production but also from value-added products in the pulp and paper, textile, and automotive industries. Conclusion Reviving the abaca industry will require a multi-pronged approach involving scientific innovation, strong government support, and public-private collaboration. With the right strategies, we can reduce the supply gap, ensure the sustainable growth of the industry, and reinforce the Philippines’ position as the global leader in abaca production. Now is the time to act. The world’s demand for abaca is rising, and we must seize this opportunity to restore our legacy as the Abaca Capital of the World. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-20-2025

IN SUPPORT OF RENT TO OWN HOUSING

IN SUPPORT OF RENT TO OWN HOUSING Rent-to-own (RTO) housing presents a viable pathway to homeownership for many Filipinos, particularly those who may not have the financial means for an upfront purchase. It offers a practical middle ground between renting and owning, with the added benefit of allowing occupants to build equity over time. However, to fully appreciate the value of RTO housing, it is important to understand how it compares with lease-to-own (LTO) schemes and why government support is essential. Understanding Rent-to-Own vs. Lease-to-Own The distinction between RTO and LTO is subtle but significant. In an RTO arrangement, the tenant has the option to purchase the property after a specified period, while in an LTO agreement, the tenant is obligated to buy the property at the end of the lease term. Naturally, the requirements for RTO tend to be more lenient compared to LTO, as the commitment to purchase is not immediate. To illustrate, consider the analogy of renting versus buying a car. Renting a car is like an RTO arrangement—you have the flexibility to return the car without further obligations. On the other hand, financing a car with a contractual purchase agreement mirrors LTO—the commitment to ownership is firm from the beginning. Why RTO Housing Works for Public Housing While private developers may hesitate to offer RTO housing due to the perceived financial risks, the government is uniquely positioned to implement this scheme. Unlike private entities, government agencies have access to public land, long-term financing, and the flexibility to prioritize social welfare over immediate profit. Furthermore, the government stands to benefit from the steady stream of rental income during the RTO period. Once tenants demonstrate a reliable payment history over one to three years, their contracts can be converted to LTO agreements. This shift benefits both parties: renters secure their path to ownership, and the government generates revenue to fund further housing projects. A Solution for New Graduates and Newlyweds For new graduates and newlyweds who are still establishing financial stability, RTO housing offers a practical solution. With lower entry requirements and the flexibility to transition to ownership when they are ready, these young families can access secure housing without the burden of an immediate mortgage commitment. PAG-IBIG Fund, the country’s leading housing finance institution, could play a pivotal role in facilitating these conversions. By providing financing once an RTO contract becomes an LTO agreement, PAG-IBIG can help more Filipinos achieve their homeownership goals. Economic and Social Benefits Beyond individual benefits, RTO housing stimulates local economies by generating construction jobs, increasing demand for building materials, and fostering vibrant communities. Moreover, it addresses the housing shortage by offering an inclusive and attainable route to homeownership. Local Government Units (LGUs) are encouraged to set tangible targets to reduce homelessness in their jurisdictions. By establishing RTO programs and collaborating with national agencies, LGUs can directly respond to the housing needs of their constituents. Looking at Housing as an Opportunity It is time for the government to view the housing shortage as an opportunity to generate revenue while simultaneously addressing a critical social issue. Housing assets appreciate over time, contributing to the financial stability of government agencies. With thoughtful implementation, RTO housing can be a sustainable and profitable endeavor. Conclusion Rent-to-own housing is not just a stopgap measure; it is a long-term solution that empowers Filipinos to build a better future. By providing financial flexibility, fostering stability, and creating a clear path to homeownership, RTO programs can transform the housing landscape in the Philippines. The government, in partnership with LGUs and financial institutions like PAG-IBIG, should lead the charge in expanding RTO initiatives. With a commitment to inclusive housing policies, we can turn the dream of homeownership into a reality for millions of Filipinos. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-19-2025

LET US APPOINT A FULL-TIME PACKAGING CZAR

LET US APPOINT A FULL-TIME PACKAGING CZAR Is there a specific government agency dedicated to ensuring that consumer packaging is environmentally friendly? Based on the current lineup of government offices, which one is responsible for this crucial function? It appears that both the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) have already taken initial steps in this direction, but neither has claimed the role of a de facto packaging czar. The DOST certainly has the technical expertise to take on this role, given its focus on innovation and research. However, it may not have the necessary political influence to push for strong regulatory measures. The DTI, with its close ties to the industrial sector, could be in a better position to handle this responsibility. Yet, it too may lack the necessary political clout. Meanwhile, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) could be a potential candidate, but its past inaction on environmentally friendly packaging raises doubts about its moral standing to lead such an initiative. A possible solution is to establish a Packaging Czar with cabinet rank under the Office of the President. This position could be supported by undersecretaries from the DOST, DTI, and DENR, who would report directly to the czar. This setup would ensure that scientific innovation, industrial regulation, and environmental concerns are all addressed in a coordinated manner. Would the government be receptive to this idea? If this proposal is so beneficial, why has it not yet been implemented? Interestingly, no other country has officially appointed a packaging czar either, which presents the Philippines with a unique opportunity to be a global pioneer in sustainable packaging governance. The urgency of this matter cannot be overstated. Marine life is suffering immensely due to plastic pollution, as many species mistakenly ingest plastic waste. Even more alarming is the presence of microplastics in the seafood we consume, which poses serious health risks to humans. Another overlooked but significant issue is the excessive use of plastic packaging by e-commerce companies. The rise in online shopping has led to an explosion of plastic waste, as businesses prioritize protecting shipments from damage. This hidden crisis further emphasizes the need for a strong regulatory body to enforce sustainable packaging solutions. Fortunately, there are already viable alternatives to plastic. Advances in biodegradable materials offer promising replacements, but their widespread adoption requires government intervention. A dedicated packaging czar could play a crucial role in enforcing the mandatory use of these alternatives and setting new industry standards. While countries like the European Union, Japan, and Australia have implemented regulations to reduce plastic waste, none have centralized their efforts under a single authoritative figure. The Philippines has the chance to lead the world by appointing a full-time packaging czar to oversee and enforce sustainable packaging policies. It is time to take decisive action. The government must recognize the urgency of this issue and establish a dedicated leadership role to ensure that consumer packaging aligns with environmental sustainability. The appointment of a packaging czar could be the game-changer that propels the Philippines to the forefront of global efforts in reducing plastic waste and protecting our planet for future generations. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-18-2025

CIVILIAN LEADERSHIP IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

CIVILIAN LEADERSHIP IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE When it comes to determining who should take the leadership role in disaster management in democratic countries, it often appears to be a toss-up. In contrast, the military still leads disaster response in many communist and dictatorial states. Take the United States, for example. A civilian agency, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), leads emergency management. FEMA operates under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which is also a civilian-led institution. This setup underscores the importance of maintaining civilian control in times of disaster. In the Philippines, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) serves as the primary agency responsible for disaster management. However, since the NDRRMC is under the Department of National Defense (DND), there is a general perception that disaster management remains dominated by the military. While it is true that the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) plays a significant role, it is important to note that the DND is fundamentally a civilian agency. This structure makes it easier for the military to be mobilized when necessary. A similar approach exists in the United States, where FEMA and the DHS can activate the National Guard and other military resources when the situation demands. However, the primary decision-making authority remains with civilian leadership. That said, a stronger case could be made for the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to lead disaster management in the Philippines. As a civilian agency, the DILG is well-positioned to coordinate disaster response efforts through local government units (LGUs). Additionally, the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) are all under the DILG's jurisdiction, providing ample manpower and logistical support. Should the need arise, the DILG can also collaborate with the AFP. With increasing tensions in the West Philippine Sea, it is prudent to allow the DND to focus on national defense, while the DILG handles internal disaster management responsibilities. Historically, the Department of the Interior was responsible for internal governance, a role that the DILG continues to fulfill. Furthermore, the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) serves as another key player in disaster management. As a civilian maritime agency, the PCG is often the first responder in coastal disasters. Unlike the Philippine Navy, which is a military organization, the PCG is more attuned to humanitarian missions. Should a situation escalate beyond the PCG's capabilities, the DILG could quickly request military assistance from the navy. Civilian leadership in disaster management ensures a community-centered approach. Civilian authorities excel at policy development, resource mobilization, and public engagement. By empowering local officials and promoting transparent decision-making, a civilian-led system fosters accountability and resilience. In conclusion, while military involvement in disaster management is often necessary, it is most effective when operating under civilian leadership. In the Philippines, a more prominent role for the DILG in disaster management would not only enhance response coordination but also allow the DND to focus on its primary role of national defense. Through this balanced approach, both civilian and military institutions can work together to protect and serve the people in times of crisis. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-17-2025

WE MUST CLEAN OUR LAKES AND RIVERS TO REMOVE TOXINS AND POLLUTANTS

WE MUST CLEAN OUR LAKES AND RIVERS TO REMOVE TOXINS AND POLLUTANTS This problem is simple enough. The fish we eat may be poisoning us. Certain species, like tilapia, ingest toxins and pollutants from contaminated lakes and rivers. When we consume these fish, we unknowingly introduce the same toxins and pollutants into our bodies. The irony is unsettling — we eat fish for nourishment, yet it could be causing us harm. The problem doesn’t end with fish. Water spinach (kangkong), a popular vegetable that grows in aquatic environments, similarly absorbs toxins and pollutants. Eating contaminated kangkong can have the same effect as eating toxic fish. The unfortunate truth is that consumers have no way of knowing whether their food is safe. Without transparency and monitoring, every bite could pose a risk to our health. A Call to Clean Our Waters Since an outright ban on tilapia and kangkong is neither practical nor sustainable, the only logical solution is to clean our lakes and rivers. Food security and livelihoods depend on these aquatic resources. Ensuring that these waters are free of harmful toxins and pollutants is essential. Fortunately, the science and technology to restore our waters already exist. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST), under the leadership of Secretary Renato Solidum Jr., has the capability to spearhead these efforts. The agency has access to dozens of scientists who can develop and implement effective water treatment technologies. Additionally, institutions like the UP Marine Science Institute (UP-MSI) are well-equipped to provide research and guidance. Through collaborative efforts, we can cleanse our lakes and rivers, ensuring safer food sources for all Filipinos. Who Is Responsible for Monitoring Our Food? We have the National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) to ensure the safety of our meat products, but who is ensuring the safety of our fish and vegetables? Are there any agencies conducting regular inspections of our aquatic food sources? Is the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) taking random samples of fish to detect contamination? Are the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) involved in monitoring food safety from farm to table? These are critical questions that demand answers. The Health Impact of Polluted Waters Unchecked pollution in our lakes and rivers could be contributing to rising cases of cancer, kidney disease, and liver disease. Heavy metals like mercury, lead, and cadmium are particularly dangerous. Consuming contaminated fish or vegetables over time can lead to chronic illnesses. Without proper testing and intervention, the health risks will only worsen. Solutions Within Reach We cannot afford to delay. The following actions should be taken to address this crisis: 1. Massive Clean-Up Efforts: Mobilize government agencies, LGUs, and the private sector to clean our lakes and rivers. Leverage local expertise from institutions like DOST and UP-MSI. 2. Regular Monitoring and Testing: Establish a systematic monitoring program under BFAR, in partnership with DA and DTI, to test fish and vegetables for toxins. 3. Public Awareness Campaigns: Educate communities about the importance of clean waterways and the dangers of consuming contaminated food. 4. Stronger Enforcement of Environmental Laws: Hold polluters accountable. The Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act 9275) must be strictly enforced to prevent further contamination. 5. Research and Innovation: Invest in technologies that filter toxins and pollutants from water bodies, ensuring long-term water safety. Moving Forward The task is daunting, but not impossible. With a coordinated effort involving DOST, UP-MSI, BFAR, DA, DTI, LGUs, and other stakeholders, we can restore our lakes and rivers to health. Clean water means safer fish, safer vegetables, and healthier Filipinos. The choice is ours. Do we continue to consume contaminated food, risking our health and that of future generations? Or do we act now to clean our waters and secure a healthier future for all? The answer is clear. It’s time to clean our lakes and rivers — for our environment, our food, and our lives. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-16-2025

MEETING THE DEMAND FOR GUIDANCE COUNSELORS IN PHILIPPINE SCHOOLS

MEETING THE DEMAND FOR GUIDANCE COUNSELORS IN PHILIPPINE SCHOOLS In Hans Christian Andersen’s tale, The Emperor’s New Clothes, it was a young boy who bravely spoke the truth, revealing that the emperor was wearing nothing at all. In a modern context, we might wish for another child to point out a different uncomfortable truth: the presence of guidance counselors in Philippine schools seems like an illusion. The Department of Education (DepEd) estimates a need for around 47,000 guidance counselors to cater to students across the country. However, DepEd currently has Plantilla items for only about 4,460 positions. This glaring gap leaves students without crucial mental health support and career guidance. What can be done to address this shortage? The First Solution: Overloading the Few Counselors We Have One option is to assign one counselor to cover multiple schools—perhaps as many as ten. While this may seem like a quick fix, it risks overworking the limited number of guidance counselors. More importantly, it dilutes the quality of services students receive. The emotional and psychological well-being of our youth deserves undivided attention, not a fragmented and overstretched system. The Second Solution: Harnessing Private Sector Volunteers Another solution involves tapping into the goodwill of private sector volunteers. Psychologists, social workers, and retired educators could lend their expertise to support students. However, coordination becomes a challenge. Who would oversee the efforts of these volunteers? Could DepEd district supervisors manage this network of volunteers? Could Local Government Units (LGUs) play a role in organizing this support? Perhaps even Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) could establish coordinating committees. Without clear leadership, even the most well-intentioned efforts could fail. The Role of Inter-Agency Collaboration Mental health is not solely an educational concern—it is a public health issue. The Department of Health (DOH) must have a voice in this conversation. LGUs could pass ordinances creating inter-agency committees comprising representatives from DepEd, DOH, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), and local education committees. Alternatively, active local School Boards could take on this role. Parent-Teacher Associations (PTAs) should also be engaged, providing valuable insights and feedback from parents and guardians. After all, a collaborative approach strengthens community support for students in need. Career Guidance: The Neglected Role of Counselors Guidance counseling isn’t just about addressing mental health concerns. Equally important is supporting students in navigating their career paths. Many Filipinos, me included, can recall a time when career guidance was little more than a vague suggestion. My high school counselor simply encouraged me to find a way to attend the University of the Philippines—a commendable goal, but hardly a tailored career plan. The implementation of structured career days, mentorship programs, and personalized counseling sessions should be prioritized. Every student deserves informed guidance in choosing their educational and career trajectory. Funding Solutions: Tapping into the Special Education Fund The Special Education Fund (SEF) could be a valuable resource in financing guidance counseling initiatives. This fund, managed by LGUs, is intended for the enhancement of educational services. Investing in mental health support and career counseling aligns perfectly with the SEF’s purpose. Reskilling Teachers as Guidance Counselors To bridge the gap further, some teachers could be reskilled to serve as guidance counselors. With proper training in counseling and mental health support, they could provide initial assistance to students. However, it is essential to distinguish between this supplementary role and the need for licensed professionals to handle complex cases. Addressing Bullying and Discrimination Guidance counselors also play a critical role in addressing bullying, including the rising issue of cyberbullying. Moreover, they can support students who face discrimination, whether they are Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), Indigenous Peoples (IPs), members of the LGBTQ+ community, or children of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs). A safe and inclusive school environment is essential for student well-being and academic success. Guidance counselors are not a luxury—they are a necessity. Moving On It’s time for decisive action. The government must prioritize the hiring of guidance counselors by increasing Plantilla positions and allocating funds for mental health services. At the same time, local communities, private sector volunteers, and NGOs can contribute to filling the gap in the interim. Let us no longer pretend that the emperor is clothed. Acknowledge the truth—our schools need more guidance counselors, and they need them now. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-15-2025

PAPER CUPS HAVE PLASTIC LININGS

PAPER CUPS HAVE PLASTIC LININGS In the classic fairy tale “The Emperor’s New Clothes,” it was an innocent little boy who saw the truth — that the emperor was wearing nothing at all. Today, I find myself longing for a modern-day version of that boy, someone who will point out an equally inconvenient truth: that our so-called “paper” cups are not purely paper. Most of them contain a thin lining of at least 5% plastic or wax. While it might not sound like a big deal, that small plastic lining makes a significant difference. The layer, usually made of polyethylene, serves to keep liquids from soaking through the paper. In some cases, manufacturers use wax instead, which is somewhat more environmentally friendly. But here’s the catch: without proper labeling, how can the average consumer distinguish between a wax-lined cup and a plastic-lined one? Fast food chains and restaurant owners might argue that a 5% plastic content is negligible. After all, isn’t it better than using 100% plastic cups? It’s a fair argument, but it’s eerily reminiscent of the same logic used to justify single-use plastic sachets. They’re small, convenient, and seemingly harmless — until you multiply them by the billions. Then there’s the issue of the lids. The plastic cover or cap that usually comes with a paper cup is almost always made of plastic. Some companies try to ease our guilt by claiming that these are “compostable.” But let’s be honest: those claims often come with asterisks. Industrial composters are required to break down these so-called compostable plastics, and such facilities are far from common in the Philippines. Even if these lids could be processed, who ensures they are collected, segregated, and transported to an industrial composting plant? The truth is that most of these lids end up in landfills or, worse, our oceans. It’s a half-truth at best to claim they’re eco-friendly without considering the infrastructure necessary to follow through. And what about the cups themselves? Should we recycle them as paper or as plastic? The plastic lining renders most of them unsuitable for conventional paper recycling facilities. In the end, they contribute to the ever-growing problem of microplastics — the same environmental concern we associate with single-use plastics. Faced with this dilemma, it may sound absurd, but perhaps the solution is to shift entirely to 100% plastic cups. At least then there would be no ambiguity about how to recycle them. And with innovations in biodegradable plastics and cassava-based materials, these alternatives could be genuinely sustainable. But the real answer lies not in relying on consumers to navigate a sea of misleading labels. The government must take the lead. A joint Technical Working Group (TWG) led by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), with participation from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and research institutions like the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), could spearhead the development of clear policies on sustainable packaging. Private sector participation would also be crucial. Packaging companies and fast-food chains must be part of the conversation, contributing ideas and committing to sustainable transitions. With the right policies in place, businesses can be incentivized to use biodegradable materials or invest in recycling infrastructure. At the end of the day, we don’t need magical solutions — just sensible ones. But it will take a collective voice to point out the naked truth about paper cups and demand meaningful change. If that innocent little boy from the fairy tale were here today, he’d surely have something to say. Let’s listen. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-14-2025

ALLOWING THE PRACTICE OF PROFESSIONAL TREE SURGEONS

ALLOWING THE PRACTICE OF PROFESSIONAL TREE SURGEONS Have you ever heard of tree surgeons? While it’s a widely recognized profession in many countries, it remains relatively unknown here in the Philippines. And no, they are not medical doctors who operate on humans, but they do perform surgeries of a different kind — on trees. Just like how surgeons care for their patients, tree surgeons provide essential care to ensure the health, safety, and longevity of our trees. So why bring this up now? I am prompted by the ongoing discussions about billions worth of tree planting programs in the country. While these programs are commendable, it is concerning that no one seems to be talking about the crucial role of tree surgeons in ensuring the success of these efforts. Understanding the Role of Tree Surgeons The difference between a gardener and a tree surgeon is akin to the difference between an electrician and an electrical engineer, or perhaps a cook and a chef. While both may have practical experience, the latter has undergone specialized training and certification. Similarly, tree surgeons possess expert knowledge in tree biology, diseases, and maintenance techniques. They can assess tree health, conduct necessary pruning, diagnose illnesses, and safely remove hazardous trees. Unfortunately, the Philippines lacks formal education programs specific to arboriculture. The closest related discipline is the forestry course offered at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). However, forestry focuses primarily on forest management rather than urban tree care. This absence of certified arborists leaves a significant gap in the proper maintenance of our trees, particularly in urban areas where trees require specialized care. Building a Path for Arboriculture in the Philippines One practical solution is to introduce technical training programs for arborists through the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). Existing courses such as Horticulture NC III and Landscape Installation and Maintenance NC II could serve as foundational training for those aspiring to become tree surgeons. These programs could provide basic knowledge in tree care, disease management, and safe pruning techniques. Another suggestion is for the government to set benchmarks for tree care management. For every 1,000 trees planted under a government tree-planting or reforestation project, there should be a required number of certified arborists to ensure proper maintenance. Professionalizing this role could help prevent the wastage of resources and ensure long-term environmental benefits. Beyond Planting: A Commitment to Tree Care Planting trees is just the beginning. Real success lies in nurturing these trees until maturity. Without proper care, many of these trees risk dying prematurely, succumbing to disease, or causing property damage due to structural weaknesses. Tree surgeons could be the guardians that ensure these trees grow strong and healthy. Furthermore, integrating arboriculture into the professional qualifications of forest rangers can amplify our reforestation and conservation efforts. Forest rangers trained in arboriculture can diagnose and treat tree diseases in protected areas, contributing to healthier forests and more resilient ecosystems. An Opportunity for Livelihood and Environmental Impact Promoting the practice of tree surgeons could also create new livelihood opportunities. Certified tree surgeons could offer their services to private landowners, local government units, and agricultural plantations. Additionally, the government could subsidize tree care services for fruit farms, tree plantations, and even mangrove forests to boost agricultural productivity and coastal protection. Looking Ahead It’s time we recognize the vital role that tree surgeons play in maintaining our green spaces. The government should take decisive steps to institutionalize arboriculture training programs and encourage the practice of tree surgery as a legitimate profession. What are your thoughts on this? Could professional tree surgeons be the missing piece in our reforestation and urban greening efforts? If you have ideas on how we can grow this profession in the Philippines, let’s keep the conversation going. After all, trees are not just about planting — they’re about nurturing, caring, and ensuring they thrive for generations to come. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-13-2025

REVIVING THE GOOD SIDE OF THE HEMP INDUSTRY

REVIVING THE GOOD SIDE OF THE HEMP INDUSTRY It seems there are two sides to the hemp industry: the good side and the bad side. Unfortunately, because of the bad side, the good side has also been effectively shut down. The ban extends beyond the harmful use of cannabis to all forms of hemp-related products, even though many of them are perfectly legal and beneficial. The good side of hemp includes a wide range of applications. Hemp is a versatile plant used to produce textiles, clothing, paper, construction materials, food, drinks, health and beauty products, fuels, ropes, and nets. It’s an incredibly sustainable crop, offering environmental benefits like soil improvement and carbon sequestration. Despite its potential, hemp cultivation remains prohibited in the Philippines due to its association with marijuana. While marijuana is a banned substance in many countries, it has been legalized for recreational use in some places and for medical purposes in others. Both hemp and marijuana come from the Cannabis sativa plant, but the difference lies in the THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. Hemp contains very low levels of THC, the compound responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana. However, the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 (Republic Act No. 6425) does not differentiate between the two, classifying all forms of cannabis as illegal. Is this a classic case of “throwing the baby out with the bathwater”? By banning the entire cannabis plant, we are also eliminating industries that could provide significant economic opportunities. A large portion of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and cottage industries could benefit from hemp cultivation and processing, creating jobs and fostering rural development. The real problem is the difficulty of regulating the plant. Without stringent controls, the risk of harvested hemp being diverted for illegal purposes remains. But surely, there are ways to address this. A Call for Controlled Hemp Zones One suggestion is to establish specialized economic zones where hemp cultivation is strictly monitored. In these zones, hemp could be grown and processed in regulated environments, ensuring every harvest is accounted for. This strategy would minimize the risk of illegal diversion while supporting legitimate businesses. Forming a Technical Working Group The Department of Agriculture (DA) should lead the way in creating a Technical Working Group (TWG) to study the feasibility of reviving the hemp industry. This TWG could include the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and academic institutions like the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Through collaborative research and pilot projects, the TWG could assess how to balance the economic benefits of hemp production with effective regulatory measures. Lessons could be learned from countries like the United States and Canada, where hemp is legally grown under clear guidelines. Alternative Uses and Environmental Benefits In addition to economic potential, hemp presents numerous environmental benefits. Hemp is known for its ability to restore degraded soil and requires minimal pesticide use. It also absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change mitigation. Furthermore, researchers are exploring the potential of hemp as a sustainable alternative for construction materials like hempcrete, which is durable, energy-efficient, and carbon-negative. Moving Forward Revisiting the hemp ban does not mean endorsing marijuana use. It simply means recognizing the plant’s diverse applications and regulating its cultivation for industrial purposes. There is no doubt that strict regulations and law enforcement are necessary. However, with careful planning, the good side of the hemp industry can be revived without compromising public safety. If you have thoughts on how we can achieve this balance, I’d love to hear from you. After all, finding solutions together is how we can ensure sustainable progress for our industries and communities. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-12-2025

PROTECTING AGAINST HORNET INFESTATION

PROTECTING AGAINST HORNET INFESTATION I believe in solving problems at the bud, before they would even grow into bigger problems. Such is the case of the Asian hornet, which is beginning to manifest itself as a problem in the Philippines now, although it is not yet as widespread as to cause an alarm. Although largely unnoticed, hornets are a threat to our honey industry because they are predators of honeybees. The honey industry in the Philippines is growing steadily. In 2025, market revenue is projected to reach approximately $498.64 million, with an annual growth rate of 6.34% expected from 2025 to 2030. Local, organic honey is gaining popularity as consumers become more health conscious. Simply put, a large-scale hornet infestation could mean the end of the honey industry, shutting down many cottage businesses. We should declare a war against hornets as early as now. Who should lead us in this war? Obviously, it should be the Department of Agriculture (DA). But this is not a war that should be left to the DA alone. It would be best to form a Technical Working Group (TWG) with the DA as the lead agency. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), along with other state universities and colleges (SUCs) offering agriculture courses, should also be members. While chemicals may offer quick relief, we must exercise caution. The indiscriminate use of chemicals against hornets could harm beneficial insects, wildlife, and even farm animals. Exploring non-chemical methods, such as pheromone traps and biological control, could provide more sustainable solutions. Could there be good uses for these hornets? Some studies suggest that insects could become a sustainable source of protein or nutrients for animal feeds. Perhaps this is worth investigating further. Additionally, pest control companies like Rentokil and MAPECON could partner with the government in developing environmentally responsible eradication strategies. These companies have the expertise to contribute to the containment of hornet infestations. Hornets are also known to damage fruit crops, including apples, pears, and grapes. The government should conduct studies to identify other vulnerable fruits and develop protection plans. Furthermore, it is crucial to protect our mangrove trees from hornets. Mangroves play a vital role in our coastal ecosystems, acting as nurseries for marine life and protecting against coastal erosion. In the Philippines, honey production is sustained by a network of small-scale farms, cottage industries, and indigenous communities. For example, Palawan Wild Honey is harvested by indigenous groups in Palawan, offering a unique flavor shaped by the region's diverse flora. Herrencia's Pure Wild Honey, a family-owned business in Las Piñas, and San Pedro Bee Farm in Laguna are other examples of small-scale honey producers. Supporting these enterprises through effective hornet management programs is essential for the survival of our honey industry. Early intervention is the key to controlling hornet infestations. With the collaboration of government agencies, private sector partners, and agricultural institutions, we can protect our honeybees and ensure the continued growth of our honey industry. By taking decisive action now, we will prevent this looming threat from turning into a full-blown crisis. The time to act is now — let’s declare a war against hornets before they take over our fields and threaten our livelihoods. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-11-2025

TOWARDS A WHOLISTIC APPROACH TO RICE SECURITY

TOWARDS A WHOLISTIC APPROACH TO RICE SECURITY Rice security and rice sufficiency are two sides of the same coin. But I wonder, is anyone in the government thinking about a wholistic approach to our rice security? Let me tell you what I mean by that. Simply put, we will never achieve rice security unless we achieve rice sufficiency. By that, I mean sufficiency through production, not importation. Never believe anyone who claims that we have rice security just because we import rice. And certainly, do not believe anyone who claims that we have food security simply because we have enough rice supplies. Food security means more than just rice. What else is there to eat if we only have rice? I am neither an economist nor a statistician, but I can count, just like any grade school graduate. Rice Production and Demand The Philippines produced approximately 19.96 million metric tons of palay in 2021. The Department of Agriculture estimates our annual rice demand at 15.14 million metric tons. On paper, this suggests a surplus of 4.82 million metric tons. But reality tells a different story. Only about 70% of palay becomes milled rice. Using this figure, our estimated 19.96 million metric tons of palay yields only around 13.97 million metric tons of rice. Already, we are short by about 1.17 million metric tons. Adding to this problem are post-harvest losses. An estimated 10% of palay is lost due to drying on roads. That brings down our usable palay to 17.96 million metric tons. Further losses occur due to poor milling efficiency, reducing the yield to around 17.06 million metric tons of milled rice. Post-harvest losses from pests and moisture account for another 5%, leaving us with only about 16.2 million metric tons. To fill the gap, the Philippines imported approximately 2.9 million metric tons of rice in 2022. Even with imports, our buffer stock remains slim. The government claims that having a 15-day buffer stock is sufficient for food security. But I disagree. Fifteen days is too short. Perhaps it should be 15 months? Achieving Rice Sufficiency If we are serious about food security, we need to become a net exporter of rice. To do that, we should aim to produce at least 30 million metric tons per year. Is this achievable? Countries like Thailand produce about 34 million metric tons annually, and Myanmar follows with approximately 24 million metric tons. There is no reason why the Philippines cannot match or even surpass these figures. Rice farmers have consistently called for post-harvest facilities and farm-to-market roads. It is high time we meet these demands. Proper drying facilities, grains storage systems, and efficient transportation are essential. Beyond roads, we need a reliable network of farm-to-market vehicles. Modern rice mills must replace outdated ones to minimize losses and improve production yield. Innovative Solutions We must also look beyond traditional freshwater irrigation. Rain-fed upland rice farming and the cultivation of saline-tolerant rice varieties in coastal areas and swamplands offer viable alternatives. Additionally, cold storage facilities for rice could extend shelf life and reduce spoilage. Implementing shared post-harvest facilities like silos would further reduce storage losses. And why not consider a program to retire and replace inefficient rice mills? Promoting Responsible Consumption On the consumption side, we should revive the “half rice” and “clean plate” campaigns to minimize food waste. In the past, the government even offered rewards for those who eliminated rats. A modernized pest control initiative could help mitigate the substantial losses caused by rodents. Policy Support and Implementation Finally, we need Congress to act. If reversing the devolution agricultural programs is impractical, lawmakers could augment the Department of Agriculture’s budget to support rice production initiatives. Special funds can be allocated for the construction of post-harvest facilities, distribution of modern rice mills, and the promotion of efficient rice storage solutions. A Special Task Force or Technical Working Group should be established to explore making post-harvest infrastructure mandatory in all rice-producing provinces. A more integrated and proactive approach is essential to ensure genuine rice and food security. Rice security is not just about having enough rice. It is about producing enough rice, storing it effectively, and ensuring it reaches our tables efficiently. Only then can we confidently say that we are truly rice secure. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-10-2025

MANDATORY PEDIATRIC WARDS

MANDATORY PEDIATRIC WARDS In most countries worldwide, it is a standard practice to have pediatric wards in hospitals, often mandatory in many cases. Pediatric wards provide specialized care to children, ensuring their unique medical needs are met. Here in the Philippines, many private hospitals follow this practice, but the same cannot be said for government hospitals. While some government hospitals do have pediatric wards, it appears that most do not. Specifically, many provincial hospitals may have them, but not all. Given the critical importance of pediatric healthcare, it should be common sense that all public hospitals have dedicated pediatric wards. Disparities in Pediatric Care Provincial hospitals are theoretically more equipped and capable than district hospitals. However, if not all provincial hospitals have pediatric wards, it is reasonable to assume that district hospitals face even greater challenges in establishing these facilities. Despite the devolution of health services, the Department of Health (DOH) still provides partial financial support to local hospitals. However, this assistance is insufficient, leaving many provincial and district hospitals ill-equipped and understaffed. Without adequate funding, pediatric wards often remain low on the priority list. Legislative Action and Funding Reversing the devolution policy may be difficult, but Congress can still play a significant role in supporting pediatric healthcare. Lawmakers could consider augmenting the DOH’s budget to increase subsidies for local hospitals. Another practical solution is the creation of a special fund dedicated to establishing and maintaining pediatric wards. To further this cause, a Task Force or Technical Working Group (TWG) could be formed to study and recommend policies that would make pediatric wards mandatory in all public hospitals. Such a body could conduct assessments to identify gaps in pediatric care and propose actionable solutions. Comprehensive Pediatric Care Pediatric wards should not only provide treatment for illnesses and injuries but also offer prenatal and postnatal care for mothers and infants. Malnutrition, stunting, and wasting are prevalent issues among Filipino children, and well-functioning pediatric wards can play a pivotal role in addressing these concerns. Furthermore, the government could incentivize the development of multidisciplinary pediatric teams, ensuring that young patients receive holistic care. This includes access to pediatricians, nutritionists, social workers, and mental health professionals. Learning from Existing Models Several provincial hospitals, such as the Bataan General Hospital and Medical Center, Bulacan Medical Center, and Cebu Provincial Hospital, have established pediatric wards. Additionally, national hospitals like the Philippine Children's Medical Center (PCMC) and the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) provide exemplary pediatric services. These models can serve as a benchmark for expanding pediatric care across the country. Conclusion The absence of pediatric wards in many government hospitals is a glaring issue that demands immediate attention. It is not merely a matter of infrastructure but a fundamental commitment to ensuring the well-being of the nation’s children. By mandating the establishment of pediatric wards in all public hospitals, Congress can take a significant step towards equitable healthcare for all Filipino children. Let us recognize pediatric healthcare as a national priority. Every child deserves access to specialized care, and every hospital should be equipped to provide it. Establishing mandatory pediatric wards is not just a necessity—it is a moral obligation. Ramon Ike V. Seneres, www.facebook.com/ike.seneres iseneres@yahoo.com, 09088877282, senseneres.blogspot.com 05-09-2025